Kaufman Elinore J, Wiebe Douglas J
Elinore J. Kaufman is a student with the Health Policy Program at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and a resident in the Department of Surgery at New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Douglas J. Wiebe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the University of Pennsylvania.
Am J Public Health. 2016 May;106(5):865-71. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303058. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
To investigate the impact on alcohol-involved crash deaths of universal ignition interlock requirements, which aim to prevent people convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol from driving while intoxicated.
We used data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for 1999 to 2013. From 2004 to 2013, 18 states made interlocks mandatory for all drunk-driving convictions. We compared alcohol-involved crash deaths between 18 states with and 32 states without universal interlock requirements, accounting for state and year effects, and for clustering within states.
Policy impact was apparent 3 years after implementation. The adjusted rate of alcohol-involved crash deaths was 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0, 5.4) per 100,000 in states with the universal interlock requirement, compared with 5.5 (95% CI = 5.48, 5.53) in states without, an absolute reduction of 0.8 (95% CI = 0.1, 1.5) deaths per 100,000 per year.
Requiring ignition interlocks for all drunk-driving convictions was associated with 15% fewer alcohol-involved crash deaths, compared with states with less-stringent requirements. Interlocks are a life-saving technology that merit wider use.
研究通用点火联锁要求对涉及酒精的撞车死亡事故的影响，该要求旨在防止因酒后驾车被定罪的人在醉酒状态下驾驶。
我们使用了美国国家公路交通安全管理局1999年至2013年的数据。从2004年到2013年，18个州对所有酒后驾车定罪实行联锁强制要求。我们比较了18个有通用联锁要求的州和32个没有通用联锁要求的州之间涉及酒精的撞车死亡情况，同时考虑了州和年份的影响以及州内的聚类情况。
政策影响在实施3年后显现。有通用联锁要求的州每10万人中涉及酒精的撞车死亡调整率为4.7（95%置信区间[CI]=4.0，5.4），而没有该要求的州为5.5（95%CI=5.48，5.53），每年每10万人中绝对减少0.8（95%CI=0.1，1.5）例死亡。
与要求不那么严格的州相比，对所有酒后驾车定罪要求安装点火联锁装置可使涉及酒精的撞车死亡事故减少15%。联锁装置是一种挽救生命的技术，值得更广泛地使用。
