Reynés Bàrbara, Palou Mariona, Palou Andreu
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Alimentómica SL (Spin off no. 001 from UIB), Parc Bit, Palma Mallorca, Spain.
Food Funct. 2017 Feb 22;8(2):629-650. doi: 10.1039/c6fo01473a.
It is generally assumed that high-fat (HF) diets induce characteristic gene expression regulation, which may cause metabolic alterations associated with an increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and other health alterations. However, an integrative analysis of the effects in different tissues is lacking, thus preventing new strategies to prevent or counteract permanent consequences. This review particularly focuses on lipid metabolism gene expression modulation in key homeostatic tissues in response to HF diet intake. The effects of HF diets on gene expression are mediated by insulin, leptin and nutrients such as fatty acids (FA) and glucose that alter insulin signalling. As a general trend, HF diet feeding induces the expression of catabolism related genes and reduces the expression of lipogenic related genes in the main homeostatic tissues. However, the effects of HF diets on gene expression depend on the amount and composition of fat, and there are specific effects in different animal models. From another angle, delayed effects associated with long-lasting changes caused by metabolic imprinting are of increasing interest. Finally, when considering the need for biomarkers of early metabolic effects, it is noticeable that many transcriptional adaptations that occur in tissues are reflected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which offers the possibility of using these minimally invasive samples in human studies.
一般认为，高脂（HF）饮食会诱导特定的基因表达调控，这可能会导致与肥胖、代谢综合征风险增加及其他健康改变相关的代谢变化。然而，目前缺乏对不同组织中这些效应的综合分析，因此阻碍了预防或对抗永久性后果的新策略的开发。本综述特别关注在摄入HF饮食后关键稳态组织中脂质代谢基因表达的调节。HF饮食对基因表达的影响由胰岛素、瘦素以及脂肪酸（FA）和葡萄糖等营养素介导，这些物质会改变胰岛素信号传导。总体趋势是，喂食HF饮食会诱导主要稳态组织中分解代谢相关基因的表达，并降低生脂相关基因的表达。然而，HF饮食对基因表达的影响取决于脂肪的量和组成，并且在不同动物模型中有特定的效应。从另一个角度来看，由代谢印记引起的长期变化所带来的延迟效应越来越受到关注。最后，在考虑早期代谢效应生物标志物的需求时，值得注意的是，组织中发生的许多转录适应性变化在外周血单核细胞中有所体现，这为在人体研究中使用这些微创样本提供了可能性。
