1 Department of Health Systems Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.
2 Department of Oncology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Systems Sciences , Chicago, Illinois.
LGBT Health. 2017 Feb;4(1):24-33. doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2016.0059. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals are significantly more likely to smoke compared with their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation readiness among LGBT smokers.
This descriptive study used a qualitative approach. Four 90-minute focus groups (eligibility criteria: age ≥21, self-identify as LGBT, current smoker, interest in quitting smoking) were conducted. Participants also completed a brief survey that measured additional demographic characteristics and smoking behaviors. Topics explored included quit experiences, attitudes and beliefs, barriers to and facilitators of cessation, and cultural factors related to smoking behaviors. Established qualitative methods were used to conduct the focus groups and data analysis.
The mean age of participants (N = 31) was 37.1 years with the majority identifying as male (58.1%). The sample group was racially diverse: 32% were African American, 39% were White, and 29% were more than one race. Interest in quitting was high (M = 9.0, range 0-10). Barriers to smoking cessation fell under the broad themes of individual-level factors, cultural factors, psychosocial factors, and access to treatment. Facilitators of smoking cessation included stage of readiness, health concerns, social stigma, a shift in social norms, financial costs, and improving dating prospects.
Interest in smoking cessation was high in this sample of LGBT smokers and influenced by a range of facilitators. Nevertheless, several general and culturally specific barriers to smoking cessation readiness were identified. The study results have implications for future research and the development of outreach, prevention, and treatment programs.
与异性恋和顺性别者相比，女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者（LGBT）更有可能吸烟。本研究旨在探讨 LGBT 吸烟者戒烟准备的障碍和促进因素。
本描述性研究采用定性方法。进行了四次 90 分钟的焦点小组（入选标准：年龄≥21 岁，自我认同为 LGBT，目前吸烟，有戒烟兴趣）。参与者还完成了一项简短的调查，该调查衡量了其他人口统计学特征和吸烟行为。探讨的主题包括戒烟经历、态度和信念、戒烟的障碍和促进因素，以及与吸烟行为相关的文化因素。采用既定的定性方法进行焦点小组和数据分析。
参与者（N=31）的平均年龄为 37.1 岁，其中大多数为男性（58.1%）。样本组种族多样：32%为非裔美国人，39%为白人，29%为多种族。戒烟意愿强烈（M=9.0，范围 0-10）。戒烟的障碍分为个人因素、文化因素、心理社会因素和治疗获取等几大主题。戒烟的促进因素包括准备阶段、健康问题、社会耻辱感、社会规范的转变、经济成本和改善约会前景。
在该组 LGBT 吸烟者中，戒烟意愿很高，并受到一系列促进因素的影响。然而，仍确定了一些一般和特定于文化的戒烟准备障碍。研究结果对未来的研究以及外联、预防和治疗计划的制定具有启示意义。
