Chalah Moussa A, Ayache Samar S
1EA 4391,Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique,Université Paris-Est-Créteil,Créteil,France.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017 Mar;23(3):266-286. doi: 10.1017/S1355617716001156. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, representing the primary cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Cognitive dysfunction can affect patients at any time during the disease process and might alter the six core functional domains. Social cognition is a multi-component construct that includes the theory of mind, empathy and social perception of emotions from facial, bodily and vocal cues. Deficits in this cognitive faculty might have a drastic impact on interpersonal relationships and quality of life (QoL). Although exhaustive data exist for non-social cognitive functions in MS, only a little attention has been paid for social cognition. The objectives of the present work are to reappraise the definition and anatomy of social cognition and evaluate the integrity of this domain across MS studies. We will put special emphasis on neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies concerning social cognitive performance in MS.
Studies were selected in conformity with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for computerized databases (PubMed, Medline, and Scopus) that index peer-reviewed journals to identify published reports in English and French languages that mention social cognition and multiple sclerosis, regardless of publication year. We combined keywords as follows: (facial emotion or facial expression or emotional facial expressions or theory of mind or social cognition or empathy or affective prosody) AND multiple sclerosis AND (MRI or functional MRI or positron emission tomography or functional imaging or structural imaging). We also scanned references from articles aiming to get additional relevant studies.
In total, 26 studies matched the abovementioned criteria (26 neuropsychological studies including five neuroimaging studies). Available data support the presence of social cognitive deficits even at early stages of MS. The increase in disease burden along with the "multiple disconnection syndrome" resulting from gray and white matters pathology might exceed the "threshold for cerebral tolerance" and can manifest as deficits in social cognition. Admitting the impact of the latter on patients' social functioning, a thorough screening for such deficits is crucial to improving patients' QoL. (JINS, 2017, 23, 266-286).
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的慢性进行性炎症性疾病，是年轻成年人非创伤性残疾的主要原因。认知功能障碍可在疾病过程中的任何时候影响患者，并可能改变六个核心功能领域。社会认知是一个多成分的概念，包括心理理论、同理心以及从面部、身体和声音线索对情绪的社会感知。这种认知能力的缺陷可能会对人际关系和生活质量（QoL）产生巨大影响。尽管关于MS中非社会认知功能的详尽数据存在，但社会认知仅受到了很少的关注。本研究的目的是重新评估社会认知的定义和解剖结构，并评估MS研究中该领域的完整性。我们将特别强调关于MS社会认知表现的神经心理学和神经影像学研究。
研究的选择符合PRISMA指南。我们查找了对同行评审期刊进行索引的计算机化数据库（PubMed、Medline和Scopus），以识别提及社会认知和多发性硬化症的英文和法文发表报告，不考虑出版年份。我们组合的关键词如下：（面部情绪或面部表情或情绪性面部表情或心理理论或社会认知或同理心或情感韵律）与多发性硬化症以及（MRI或功能MRI或正电子发射断层扫描或功能成像或结构成像）。我们还浏览了文章的参考文献，以获取更多相关研究。
总共有26项研究符合上述标准（26项神经心理学研究，包括5项神经影像学研究）。现有数据支持即使在MS的早期阶段也存在社会认知缺陷。疾病负担的增加以及由灰质和白质病变导致的“多重脱节综合征”可能超过“大脑耐受阈值”，并可表现为社会认知缺陷。认识到后者对患者社会功能的影响，对这些缺陷进行全面筛查对于改善患者的生活质量至关重要。（《神经影像学杂志》，2017年，第23卷，第266 - 286页）
