Tan Wenjuan, Du Wenchao, Barrios Ana C, Armendariz Raul, Zuverza-Mena Nubia, Ji Zhaoxia, Chang Chong Hyun, Zink Jeffrey I, Hernandez-Viezcas Jose A, Peralta-Videa Jose R, Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L
Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Mar;222:64-72. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Little is known about the effects of surface coating on the interaction of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) with plants. In this study, basil (Ocimum basilicum) was cultivated for 65 days in soil amended with unmodified, hydrophobic (coated with aluminum oxide and dimethicone), and hydrophilic (coated with aluminum oxide and glycerol) titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO) at 125, 250, 500, and 750 mg nano-TiO kg soil. ICP-OES/MS, SPAD meter, and UV/Vis spectrometry were used to determine Ti and essential elements in tissues, relative chlorophyll content, carbohydrates, and antioxidant response, respectively. Compared with control, hydrophobic and hydrophilic nano-TiO significantly reduced seed germination by 41% and 59%, respectively, while unmodified and hydrophobic nano-TiO significantly decreased shoot biomass by 31% and 37%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Roots exposed to hydrophobic particles at 750 mg kg had 87% and 40% more Ti than the pristine and hydrophilic nano-TiO; however, no differences were found in shoots. The three types of particles affected the homeostasis of essential elements: at 500 mg kg, unmodified particles increased Cu (104%) and Fe (90%); hydrophilic increased Fe (90%); while hydrophobic increased Mn (339%) but reduced Ca (71%), Cu (58%), and P (40%). However, only hydrophobic particles significantly reduced root elongation by 53%. Unmodified, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic particles significantly reduced total sugar by 39%, 38%, and 66%, respectively, compared with control. Moreover, unmodified particles significantly decreased reducing sugar (34%), while hydrophobic particles significantly reduced starch (35%). Although the three particles affected basil plants, coated particles impacted the most its nutritional quality, since they altered more essential elements, starch, and reducing sugars.
关于表面涂层对工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）与植物相互作用的影响，目前所知甚少。在本研究中，将罗勒（Ocimum basilicum）种植在添加了未改性、疏水性（涂有氧化铝和二甲基硅氧烷）和亲水性（涂有氧化铝和甘油）二氧化钛纳米颗粒（纳米TiO₂）的土壤中65天，纳米TiO₂的添加量分别为125、250、500和750毫克/千克土壤。分别使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪/质谱仪（ICP - OES/MS）、叶绿素仪和紫外/可见光谱仪来测定组织中的钛和必需元素、相对叶绿素含量、碳水化合物以及抗氧化反应。与对照相比，疏水性和亲水性纳米TiO₂分别使种子发芽率显著降低了41%和59%，而未改性和疏水性纳米TiO₂分别使地上部生物量显著降低了31%和37%（p≤0.05）。暴露于750毫克/千克疏水性颗粒的根系中的钛含量比原始和亲水性纳米TiO₂分别高出87%和40%；然而，地上部未发现差异。这三种类型的颗粒影响了必需元素的稳态：在500毫克/千克时，未改性颗粒使铜含量增加了104%，铁含量增加了90%；亲水性颗粒使铁含量增加了90%；而疏水性颗粒使锰含量增加了339%，但钙含量降低了71%，铜含量降低了58%，磷含量降低了40%。然而，只有疏水性颗粒使根伸长显著降低了53%。与对照相比，未改性、疏水性和亲水性颗粒分别使总糖含量显著降低了39%、38%和66%。此外，未改性颗粒显著降低了还原糖含量（34%），而疏水性颗粒显著降低了淀粉含量（35%）。尽管这三种颗粒都对罗勒植株产生了影响，但涂层颗粒对其营养品质的影响最大，因为它们改变了更多的必需元素、淀粉和还原糖。
