Al Kait, Sarr Ousseynou, Dunlop Kristyn, Gloor Gregory B, Reid Gregor, Burton Jeremy, Regnault Timothy R H
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
PeerJ. 2017 Jan 3;5:e2840. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2840. eCollection 2017.
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota is essential to metabolic health, and the prevalence of the Western diet (WD) high in fat and sugar is increasing, with evidence highlighting a negative interaction between the GIT and WD, resulting in liver dysfunction. Additionally, an adverse environment such as placental insufficiency resulting in low birth weight (LBW) offspring, contributes to an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as fatty liver infiltration and liver dysfunction in later life. We sought to understand the potential interactive effects of exposure to a WD upon growing LBW offspring. We postulated that LBW offspring when challenged with a poor postnatal diet, would display an altered microbiota and more severe liver metabolic dysfunction.
The fecal microbiota of normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW young guinea pig offspring, weaned onto either a control diet (CD) or WD was determined with 16S rRNA gene next generation sequencing at young adulthood following the early rapid growth phase after weaning. A liver blood chemistry profile was also performed.
The life-long consumption of WD following weaning into young adulthood resulted in increased total cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase levels in association with an altered GIT microbiota when compared to offspring consuming CD. Neither birth weight nor sex were associated with any significant changes in microbiota alpha diversity, by measuring the Shannon's diversity index. One hundred forty-eight operational taxonomic units were statistically distinct between the diet groups, independent of birth weight. In the WD group, significant decreases were detected in and relatives of , while and were increased.
These results describe the GIT microbiota in a guinea pig model of LBW and WD associated metabolic syndrome and highlight several WD specific GIT alterations associated with human metabolic disease.
胃肠道（GIT）微生物群对代谢健康至关重要，高脂肪和高糖的西方饮食（WD）的流行率正在上升，有证据表明GIT与WD之间存在负面相互作用，导致肝功能障碍。此外，诸如胎盘功能不全等不利环境会导致低出生体重（LBW）后代，增加了其在晚年患代谢性疾病如脂肪肝浸润和肝功能障碍的风险。我们试图了解WD暴露对成长中的LBW后代的潜在交互作用。我们推测，LBW后代在面临不良的产后饮食时，会表现出微生物群改变和更严重的肝脏代谢功能障碍。
在断奶后的早期快速生长阶段之后，于成年早期通过16S rRNA基因下一代测序确定正常出生体重（NBW）和LBW幼年豚鼠后代的粪便微生物群，这些后代断奶后分别采用对照饮食（CD）或WD。还进行了肝脏血液生化分析。
与食用CD的后代相比，断奶至成年后终生食用WD会导致总胆固醇、甘油三酯和丙氨酸转氨酶水平升高，同时GIT微生物群发生改变。通过测量香农多样性指数发现，出生体重和性别与微生物群α多样性的任何显著变化均无关联。饮食组之间有148个可操作分类单元在统计学上存在差异，与出生体重无关。在WD组中，[具体物种名称1]及其亲属显著减少，而[具体物种名称2]和[具体物种名称]增加。
这些结果描述了LBW和WD相关代谢综合征豚鼠模型中的GIT微生物群，并突出了几种与人类代谢疾病相关的WD特异性GIT改变。
