Cicenas Jonas, Tamosaitis Linas, Kvederaviciute Kotryna, Tarvydas Ricardas, Staniute Gintare, Kalyan Karthik, Meskinyte-Kausiliene Edita, Stankevicius Vaidotas, Valius Mindaugas
Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland.
Med Oncol. 2017 Feb;34(2):26. doi: 10.1007/s12032-016-0879-9. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
Cancers are the group of diseases, which arise because of the uncontrolled behavior of some of the genes in our cells. There are possibilities of gene amplifications, overexpressions, deletions and other anomalies which might lead to the development and spread of cancer. One of the most dangerous ways to the cancers is the mutations of the genes. The mutated genes can start unstoppable proliferation of cells, their uncontrolled motility, protection from apoptosis, the DNA mutation enhancement as well as other anomalies, leading to the cancer. This review focuses on the genes, which are frequently mutated in various cancers and are known to be important in the advance and progression of colorectal cancer and melanoma, namely KRAS, NRAS and BRAF.
癌症是一组疾病，其产生是由于我们细胞中的某些基因出现不受控制的行为。存在基因扩增、过度表达、缺失及其他异常情况的可能性，这些可能导致癌症的发生和扩散。导致癌症最危险的途径之一是基因的突变。突变的基因可引发细胞不可阻挡的增殖、不受控制的移动性、对细胞凋亡的抵抗、DNA突变增强以及其他异常情况，从而导致癌症。本综述聚焦于在各种癌症中频繁发生突变且已知在结直肠癌和黑色素瘤的进展中起重要作用的基因，即KRAS、NRAS和BRAF。
