Patil Sasha, Jeyakumar Arunan, Gopalan Vinod
Medical Education & Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
J Gastrointest Cancer. 2025 May 31;56(1):125. doi: 10.1007/s12029-024-01114-7.
Second primary cancers (SPCs) are independent primary cancers that develop separately from pre-existing malignancies, distinct from metastasis or recurrence. This study aims to review the current literature and analyse the association between melanoma and colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the factors contributing to the development of these SPCs.
A scoping review was conducted, including 21 independent studies. Patient data from these studies were analysed and reviewed alongside relevant biological and lifestyle factors.
The studies reported standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) for a second primary colorectal cancer (CRC) following a melanoma diagnosis ranging from 0.62 to 1.55, while SIRs for a second primary melanoma following a CRC diagnosis ranged from 0.89 to 1.55. Males exhibited a higher risk of developing either CRC or melanoma as a second primary cancer (SPC). An inverse relationship between age and the development of CRC was observed, with younger individuals having a higher risk. African-American populations demonstrated a higher prevalence of melanoma and CRC as SPCs compared to Caucasian and other racial groups. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, sun exposure, and the intake of red and processed meats were associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma or CRC. Genetic mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF were commonly implicated in the development of both melanoma and CRC, while mutations in CDKN2A and BRCA2 were specifically significant in melanoma.
The association between melanoma and CRC incidence was confirmed through analysis of current literature and is influenced by various biological, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Understanding these correlations is crucial for predicting the risk of SPCs and enhancing the follow-up care of melanoma and CRC survivors.
第二原发性癌症（SPCs）是与先前存在的恶性肿瘤分开发生的独立原发性癌症，与转移或复发不同。本研究旨在回顾当前文献，分析黑色素瘤与结直肠癌（CRC）之间的关联，以及促成这些第二原发性癌症发生的因素。
进行了一项范围综述，包括21项独立研究。对这些研究中的患者数据以及相关的生物学和生活方式因素进行了分析和审查。
研究报告了黑色素瘤诊断后第二原发性结直肠癌（CRC）的标准化发病率（SIRs）范围为0.62至1.55，而结直肠癌诊断后第二原发性黑色素瘤的SIRs范围为0.89至1.55。男性患第二原发性癌症（SPC）为CRC或黑色素瘤的风险更高。观察到年龄与CRC发生之间存在负相关，年龄较小的个体风险更高。与白种人和其他种族群体相比，非裔美国人作为SPCs的黑色素瘤和CRC患病率更高。饮酒、日晒以及红肉和加工肉的摄入等生活方式因素与发生黑色素瘤或CRC的风险增加有关。KRAS、NRAS和BRAF的基因突变通常与黑色素瘤和CRC的发生有关，而CDKN2A和BRCA2的突变在黑色素瘤中尤为显著。
通过对当前文献的分析证实了黑色素瘤与CRC发病率之间的关联，并且受到各种生物学、生活方式和遗传因素的影响。了解这些相关性对于预测SPCs的风险以及加强黑色素瘤和CRC幸存者的后续护理至关重要。
