Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
Chem Rev. 2017 Feb 8;117(3):1826-1914. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
功能化石墨烯纳米材料（FGNs）是一种具有极其独特的物理和化学性质以及生理能力的新兴材料，能够干扰和/或与生物体相互作用；因此，FGNs 为各种生物应用提供了多种可能性。除了在药物/基因传递、光疗和生物成像中的应用外，最近的研究还表明，FGNs 可以显著促进界面生物相互作用，特别是与蛋白质、哺乳动物细胞/干细胞和微生物的相互作用。FGNs 可以从生理介质中吸附和浓缩营养因子，包括蛋白质。这加速了细胞外基质的形成，最终通过为细胞黏附和生长提供更有利的微环境来促进细胞定植。此外，FGNs 还可以通过物理或化学刺激与共培养的细胞相互作用，从而显著调节其细胞信号和生物学性能。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了 FGNs-生物相互作用，并总结了最近在设计基于 FGN 的二维和三维结构作为多功能生物平台方面的进展。我们还讨论了这些基于 FGN 的生物活性结构的代表性生物应用。此外，还强调了未来的展望和新兴挑战。由于在这个新兴领域缺乏全面的综述，这篇综述可能会引起广泛关注，并激发各学科的许多新机遇。
