Int J Epidemiol. 1989 Sep;18(3):538-45.
The relationship between use of combined oral contraceptives and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated in a hospital-based case-control study conducted from 1979-1986 in seven countries. Three hundred and sixty-eight women with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer were compared to 2397 hospital controls matched for age, study centre, hospital and year of interview. The relative risk (RR) in women who ever used combined oral contraceptives, controlling for the confounding effect of number of pregnancies, was 0.75 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.56, 1.01). The relative risk decreased with increasing duration of oral contraceptive use and with increasing time since cessation of use. Except for mucinous tumours, oral contraceptive use was associated with lower risk of all histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. While the reduced risk associated with oral contraceptive use was present in parous women (RR = 0.85), it was most pronounced in nulliparous women (RR = 0.16). The magnitude of the negative association between oral contraceptives and ovarian cancer in five developing countries (RR = 0.77) was similar to that reported in developed countries.
1979年至1986年期间，在七个国家开展了一项基于医院的病例对照研究，调查复方口服避孕药的使用与上皮性卵巢癌风险之间的关系。将368例经组织学确诊为上皮性卵巢癌的女性与2397例年龄、研究中心、医院及访谈年份相匹配的医院对照进行比较。在控制妊娠次数的混杂效应后，曾经使用复方口服避孕药的女性的相对风险（RR）为0.75（95%置信区间（CI）0.56，1.01）。相对风险随着口服避孕药使用时间的延长以及停用后时间的增加而降低。除黏液性肿瘤外，口服避孕药的使用与上皮性卵巢癌所有组织学亚型的较低风险相关。虽然在经产妇中口服避孕药使用相关的风险降低（RR = 0.85），但在未生育女性中最为明显（RR = 0.16）。五个发展中国家口服避孕药与卵巢癌之间的负相关程度（RR = 0.77）与发达国家报告的相似。
