Ornoy Asher, Ovadia Moran, Rivkin Dori, Milshtein Ellen, Barlev Lital
The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Myers JDC Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2016;53(2):3-8.
The world prevalence of ADHD ranges between 5-10%. The prevalence in Israel was generally studied from prescriptions of methylphenidate and not from cohorts of children.
We assessed the prevalence of ADHD among a cohort of early school age children in the Jewish and Arab populations using DSM-IV criteria and evaluated the difference between teachers' and parental assessment. We also studied in the Jewish population the differences in several social-behavioral parameters between children with and without ADHD.
The rate of ADHD among the Jewish children was 9.5% and among the Arab children it was significantly lower - 7.35%. Teachers' evaluation in the Jewish population was 2.3 times higher than parental evaluation but in the Arab population it was closer to that of the parents, being only 12% higher. In addition, there were more regulatory, behavioral and learning problems among the Jewish children with ADHD compared to children without ADHD.
The rates of ADHD in school age children among both Jews and Arabs fall within the average rate in other countries. The high difference between teachers' and parental assessment of ADHD in the Jewish population emphasizes that ADHD diagnosis should rely on the joint behavioral assessment of both. The prevalence of ADHD in Jewish early school age children is slightly higher than in Arab children and the inattentive type is the most common. There is a discrepancy between teachers' and parents' evaluation of children's behavior in the Jewish population, but this discrepancy is less in the Arab population.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在全球的患病率在5%至10%之间。以色列的患病率通常是根据哌甲酯的处方来研究的，而非通过儿童队列研究得出。
我们使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准评估了犹太和阿拉伯人群中一组学龄儿童的ADHD患病率，并评估了教师评估与家长评估之间的差异。我们还在犹太人群中研究了患有和未患有ADHD的儿童在几个社会行为参数方面的差异。
犹太儿童中ADHD的患病率为9.5%，阿拉伯儿童中的患病率显著较低，为7.35%。犹太人群中教师的评估比家长的评估高2.3倍，但在阿拉伯人群中，教师评估更接近家长评估，仅高12%。此外，与未患ADHD的儿童相比，患有ADHD的犹太儿童存在更多的行为规范、行为和学习问题。
犹太和阿拉伯学龄儿童中的ADHD患病率均在其他国家的平均水平范围内。犹太人群中教师和家长对ADHD评估的巨大差异强调，ADHD的诊断应依赖于两者的联合行为评估。犹太学龄儿童中ADHD的患病率略高于阿拉伯儿童，且注意力不集中型最为常见。犹太人群中教师和家长对儿童行为的评估存在差异，但在阿拉伯人群中这种差异较小。
