Rodríguez-Rodríguez Elena, Aparicio Aránzazu, Aranceta-Bartrina Javier, Gil Ángel, González-Gross Marcela, Serra-Majem Lluis, Varela-Moreiras Gregorio, Ortega Rosa M
a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
b Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2017 May-Jun;36(4):240-247. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1248246. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
The objective of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of the Spanish population according to ponderal status and body fat distribution.
Data were obtained from ANIBES (Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain), a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample (1013 men, 996 women) of the Spanish population (18-64 years). The final fieldwork was carried out from mid-September to November (three months) 2013. A 3-day dietary record provided information about food and beverage consumption. Height, weight, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) calculated.
The Spanish population had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, cereals, whole cereals, and dairy and high consumption of meat products. Individuals with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) and abdominal adiposity (WHtR ≥ 0.5) showed lower compliance with dietary guidelines. In the male group, adjusting by age, inadequate consumption of cereals (<4 servings/day) and vegetables and fruit (<5 servings/day) was associated with higher risk of overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.704, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.187-2.447, p = 0.001, for cereals and OR = 3.816, 95% CI, 1.947-7.480, p = 0.001, for vegetables and fruits) and abdominal adiposity (OR = 2.081, 95% CI, 1.419-3.053, p = 0.000 and OR = 4.289, 95% CI, 2.108-8.726, p = 0.001, respectively).
Nutritional campaigns should be conducted to improve the dietary habits of the Spanish population in general, especially men, who have poorer ponderal status and abdominal adiposity, due to their lower adherence to dietary guidelines.
本研究的目的是根据体型状况和体脂分布分析西班牙人群的饮食摄入量。
数据取自ANIBES（西班牙人体测量、摄入量与能量平衡研究），这是一项对西班牙人群（18 - 64岁）具有全国代表性样本（1013名男性，996名女性）的横断面研究。最终的实地调查于2013年9月中旬至11月（三个月）进行。一份为期3天的饮食记录提供了有关食物和饮料消费的信息。评估了身高、体重和腰围，并计算了体重指数（BMI）和腰高比（WHtR）。
西班牙人群水果、蔬菜、谷物、全谷物和乳制品的消费量较低，而肉类产品的消费量较高。超重/肥胖（BMI≥25kg/m²）和腹部肥胖（WHtR≥0.5）的个体对饮食指南的遵循程度较低。在男性组中，经年龄调整后，谷物摄入量不足（<4份/天）以及蔬菜和水果摄入量不足（<5份/天）与超重风险较高相关（谷物的比值比[OR]=1.704，95%置信区间[CI]为1.187 - 2.447，p = 0.001；蔬菜和水果的OR = 3.816，95%CI为1.947 - 7.480，p = 0.001）以及腹部肥胖风险较高相关（分别为OR = 2.081，95%CI为1.419 - 3.053，p = 0.000；OR = 4.289，95%CI为2.108 - 8.726，p = 0.001）。
应开展营养宣传活动，以改善西班牙人群总体的饮食习惯，尤其是男性，他们的体型状况和腹部肥胖情况较差，因为他们对饮食指南的遵守程度较低。
