Alonso-Cabezas Marina, Pollán Marina, Alonso-Ledesma Isabel, Fernández de Larrea-Baz Nerea, Lucas Pilar, Sierra Ángeles, Castelló Adela, Pino Marina Nieves, Pérez-Gómez Beatriz, Martínez-Cortés Mercedes, Lope Virginia, Ruiz-Moreno Emma
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Farmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 14;9:904330. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904330. eCollection 2022.
A healthy diet when approaching menopause could prevent some of the symptoms associated with the climacteric. Few studies examine adherence to current healthy dietary recommendations in middle-aged premenopausal women. Our objective was to analyze the diet quality and the adherence to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) dietary recommendations in middle-aged Spanish premenopausal women, and to identify the associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.
This is a cross-sectional study based on 1251 premenopausal women, aged 39-50, who attended to Madrid City Council Medical Diagnostic Center. Women completed an epidemiological and a food frequency questionnaire. Degree of adherence to the SENC recommendations was estimated with a score that evaluated null (0 points) and full (1 point) adherence of each specific recommendation. Associations were explored using an ordinal logistic multivariable regression model.
Regarding food groups, the worst adherence was found for sweets, red/processed meat, olive oil and eggs. Most of the participants exceeded the recommended caloric intake from proteins and fats, and practically all of them showed vitamin D intake deficiency. The overall score ranged from 2 to 12 (out of 15), with a median of 6.0 (interquartile range: 5.0-7.0). Former smokers (OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.08-1.78), as well as those with higher educational level (OR:1.68; 95%CI: 0.97-2.93, OR:1.82; 95%IC: 1.05-3.14), with two or more children (OR: 1.31; 95%IC: 1.00-1.72), with higher caloric intake (OR: 8.22; 95%CI: 6.19-10.92) and with greater physical activity (OR: 1.29; 95%CI: 0.95-1.76) showed greater adherence.
Almost two-thirds of middle-aged premenopausal participants showed low or moderate compliance with SENC recommendations. Education, smoking, parity, and physical activity were associated with the degree of adherence to these recommendations.
临近更年期时保持健康饮食可预防一些与更年期相关的症状。很少有研究调查中年绝经前女性对当前健康饮食建议的遵循情况。我们的目的是分析西班牙中年绝经前女性的饮食质量以及对西班牙社区营养学会（SENC）饮食建议的遵循情况，并确定相关的社会人口学和生活方式因素。
这是一项横断面研究，基于1251名年龄在39 - 50岁的绝经前女性，她们前往马德里市议会医疗诊断中心就诊。女性们完成了一份流行病学问卷和一份食物频率问卷。通过一个分数来评估对SENC建议的遵循程度，该分数评估每个具体建议的零遵循（0分）和完全遵循（1分）情况。使用有序逻辑多变量回归模型探索相关性。
在食物类别方面，糖果、红肉/加工肉、橄榄油和鸡蛋的遵循情况最差。大多数参与者从蛋白质和脂肪摄入的热量超过了推荐量，并且几乎所有人都存在维生素D摄入不足的情况。总分范围为2至12分（满分15分），中位数为6.0（四分位间距：5.0 - 7.0）。曾经吸烟的人（比值比：1.38；95%置信区间：1.08 - 1.78）、教育水平较高的人（比值比：1.68；95%置信区间：0.97 - 2.93，比值比：1.82；95%置信区间：1.05 - 3.14）、有两个或更多孩子的人（比值比：1.31；95%置信区间：1.00 - 1.72）、热量摄入较高的人（比值比：8.22；95%置信区间：6.19 - 10.92）以及身体活动较多的人（比值比：1.29；95%置信区间：0.95 - 1.76）表现出更高的遵循度。
近三分之二的中年绝经前参与者对SENC建议的遵循程度较低或中等。教育、吸烟、生育情况和身体活动与对这些建议的遵循程度相关。
