School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Gerontologist. 2018 Mar 19;58(2):e1-e14. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw194.
Given the policy shifts toward extended work lives, it is critically important to address barriers that older workers may face in attaining and maintaining satisfactory work. This article presents a scoping review of research addressing ageism and its implications for the employment experiences and opportunities of older workers.
The five-step scoping review process outlined by Arksey and O'Malley was followed. The data set included 43 research articles.
The majority of articles were cross-sectional quantitative surveys, and various types of study participants (older workers, human resource personnel/manager, employers, younger workers, undergraduate students) were included. Four main themes, representing key research emphases, were identified: stereotypes and perceptions of older workers; intended behavior toward older workers; reported behavior toward older workers; and older workers' negotiation of ageism.
Existing research provides a foundational evidence base for the existence of ageist stereotypes and perceptions about older workers and has begun to demonstrate implications in relation to intended behaviors and, to a lesser extent, actual behaviors toward older workers. A few studies have explored how aging workers attempt to negotiate ageism. Further research that extends beyond cross-sectional surveys is required to achieve more complex understandings of the implications of ageism and inform policies and practices that work against ageism.
鉴于政策向延长工作寿命转变，解决老年工人在获得和维持令人满意的工作方面可能面临的障碍至关重要。本文对研究年龄歧视及其对老年工人就业经验和机会的影响的文献进行了范围综述。
遵循 Arksey 和 O'Malley 提出的五步范围综述过程。数据集包括 43 篇研究文章。
大多数文章都是横截面定量调查，并且包括各种类型的研究参与者（老年工人、人力资源人员/经理、雇主、年轻工人、本科生）。确定了四个主要主题，代表了关键的研究重点：对老年工人的刻板印象和看法；对老年工人的意图行为；对老年工人的报告行为；以及老年工人对年龄歧视的协商。
现有研究为存在针对老年工人的年龄歧视刻板印象和看法提供了基础证据，并已开始证明与意图行为有关，并且在较小程度上与对老年工人的实际行为有关。一些研究探讨了老年工人如何试图协商年龄歧视。需要进行超越横截面调查的进一步研究，以更深入地了解年龄歧视的影响，并为反对年龄歧视的政策和实践提供信息。
