Martín Maria B C, Santos-Lozano Alejandro, Martín-Hernández Juan, López-Miguel Alberto, Maldonado Miguel, Baladrón Carlos, Bauer Corinna M, Merabet Lotfi B
GIDFYS, European University Miguel de Cervantes Valladolid, Spain.
GIDFYS, European University Miguel de CervantesValladolid, Spain; Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2016 Dec 26;7:1958. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01958. eCollection 2016.
Cortical/cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is clinically defined as significant visual dysfunction caused by injury to visual pathways and structures occurring during early perinatal development. Depending on the location and extent of damage, children with CVI often present with a myriad of visual deficits including decreased visual acuity and impaired visual field function. Most striking, however, are impairments in visual processing and attention which have a significant impact on learning, development, and independence. Within the educational arena, current evidence suggests that strategies designed for individuals with ocular visual impairment are not effective in the case of CVI. We propose that this variance may be related to differences in compensatory neuroplasticity related to the type of visual impairment, as well as underlying alterations in brain structural connectivity. We discuss the etiology and nature of visual impairments related to CVI, and how advanced neuroimaging techniques (i.e., diffusion-based imaging) may help uncover differences between ocular and cerebral causes of visual dysfunction. Revealing these differences may help in developing future strategies for the education and rehabilitation of individuals living with visual impairment.
皮质/脑性视觉障碍（CVI）在临床上被定义为在围产期早期发育过程中，视觉通路和结构受到损伤所导致的严重视觉功能障碍。根据损伤的位置和程度，患有CVI的儿童通常会出现多种视觉缺陷，包括视力下降和视野功能受损。然而，最显著的是视觉加工和注意力方面的损伤，这对学习、发育和独立性有重大影响。在教育领域，目前的证据表明，为视力障碍个体设计的策略对CVI患者无效。我们认为，这种差异可能与与视觉障碍类型相关的代偿性神经可塑性差异以及脑结构连接的潜在改变有关。我们讨论了与CVI相关的视觉障碍的病因和性质，以及先进的神经成像技术（即基于扩散的成像）如何有助于揭示视力障碍的眼部和脑部原因之间的差异。揭示这些差异可能有助于制定未来针对视力障碍患者的教育和康复策略。
