Moreau Quentin, Galvan Lucie, Nazir Tatjana A, Paulignan Yves
"Sapienza" Università di Roma, Dipartimento di PsicologiaRoma, Italy; Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Centre de National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1Lyon, France; Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Centre de National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1Lyon, France.
Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Centre de National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France.
Front Psychol. 2016 Dec 27;7:2016. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02016. eCollection 2016.
Non-verbal social interaction between humans requires accurate understanding of the others' actions. The cognitivist approach suggests that successful interaction depends on the creation of a shared representation of the task, where the pairing of perceptive and motor systems of partners allows inclusion of the other's goal into the overarching representation. Activity of the Mirror Neurons System (MNS) is thought to be a crucial mechanism linking two individuals during a joint action through action observation. The construction of a shared representation of an interaction (i.e., joint action) depends upon sensorimotor cognitive processes that modulate the ability to adapt in time and space. We attempted to detect individuals' behavioral/kinematic change resulting in a global amelioration of performance for both subjects when a common representation of the action is built using a repetitive joint action. We asked pairs of subjects to carry out a simple task where one puts a base in the middle of a table and the other places a parallelepiped fitting into the base, the crucial manipulation being that participants switched roles during the experiment. We aimed to show that a full comprehension of a joint action is not an automatic process. We found that, before switching the interactional role, the participant initially placing the base orientated it in a way that led to an uncomfortable action for participants placing the parallelepiped. However, after switching roles, the action's kinematics by the participant who places the base changed in order to facilitate the action of the other. More precisely, our data shows significant modulation of the base angle in order to ease the completion of the joint action, highlighting the fact that a shared knowledge of the complete action facilitates the generation of a common representation. This evidence suggests the ability to establish an efficient shared representation of a joint action benefits from physically taking our partner's perspective because simply observing the actions of others may not be enough.
人类之间的非语言社交互动需要准确理解他人的行为。认知主义方法表明，成功的互动取决于创建任务的共享表征，其中伙伴的感知和运动系统配对允许将他人的目标纳入总体表征。镜像神经元系统（MNS）的活动被认为是在联合行动期间通过动作观察将两个人联系起来的关键机制。互动（即联合行动）的共享表征的构建取决于感觉运动认知过程，这些过程调节在时间和空间上适应的能力。当使用重复性联合行动构建动作的共同表征时，我们试图检测个体的行为/运动学变化，从而使两个受试者的表现都得到整体改善。我们要求成对的受试者执行一项简单任务，其中一人将底座放在桌子中间，另一人将一个长方体放入底座中，关键的操作是参与者在实验过程中交换角色。我们旨在表明，对联合行动的全面理解不是一个自动过程。我们发现，在交换互动角色之前，最初放置底座的参与者将其放置的方向会导致放置长方体的参与者行动不便。然而，交换角色后，放置底座的参与者的动作运动学发生了变化，以便为另一方的动作提供便利。更确切地说，我们的数据显示底座角度有显著调整，以方便联合行动的完成，突出了这样一个事实，即对完整行动的共享知识有助于生成共同表征。这一证据表明，建立联合行动的有效共享表征的能力受益于从身体上采取我们伙伴的视角，因为仅仅观察他人的行为可能是不够的。
