Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2017 Feb;375(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s41061-016-0098-z. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
Sorting of single-wall carbon nanotubes by their electronic and atomic structures in liquid phases is reviewed in this chapter. We first introduce the sorting problem, and then provide an overview of several sorting methodologies, following roughly the chronological order of their development over the past 15 years or so. Major methods discussed include ion-exchange chromatography, density-gradient ultracentrifugation, selective extraction in organic solvents, gel chromatography, and aqueous two-phase extraction. A main focus of the review is on the common mechanisms underlining all sorting processes. We propose that differences in solvation among different nanotube species are the ultimate driving force of sorting, and we corroborate this proposal by presenting analysis on how the differences are realized in electronic-structure-based sorting and atomic-structure-based sorting. In the end, we offer some suggestions on future directions that may grow out of carbon nanotube sorting. In particular, the prospect of expanding the function of DNA/carbon nanotube hybrid to control inter-particle interactions both inside and outside the nanotube is discussed.
这一章回顾了通过液相中的电子和原子结构对单壁碳纳米管进行分类的方法。我们首先介绍了分类问题，然后概述了几种分类方法，大致按照过去 15 年左右的发展时间顺序排列。讨论的主要方法包括离子交换色谱、密度梯度超速离心、有机溶剂中的选择性萃取、凝胶色谱和两相水溶液萃取。本综述的重点主要是所有分类过程背后的共同机制。我们提出，不同纳米管物种之间的溶剂化差异是分类的最终驱动力，并通过分析电子结构分类和原子结构分类中如何实现这些差异来证实这一假设。最后，我们对未来可能从碳纳米管分类中发展出来的方向提出了一些建议。特别是，讨论了扩大 DNA/碳纳米管杂交功能以控制纳米管内外颗粒间相互作用的前景。
