Sherifali Diana
Faculty of Health Sciences, Diabetes Care and Research Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
J Diabetes. 2017 Jun;9(6):547-554. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12528. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
Diabetes coaching is emerging as an important role in self-management and care. The conceptualization of coaching, and how to implement and evaluate coaching has not been articulated in the literature. The aim of the study was to review the literature to: (i) identify the components of coaching using a validated framework, including the description of the role of technology; (ii) describe the implementation and evaluation measures for diabetes coaching; and (iii) propose a diabetes coaching model for future implementation. The EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from inception to January 2015. Two evaluators independently screened and extracted data from eligible studies for descriptions of coaching. Eight trials met the selection criteria, with no consistency in the core components of coaching. However, elements noted across all studies included goal setting, diabetes knowledge acquisition, individualized care, and frequent follow-up. Only two studies leveraged technology for coaching communication purposes. Diabetes coaching is an intervention that can support the ongoing and complex needs of patients; however, implementation and evaluation strategies are limited in the literature. A diabetes coaching model is presented, derived from components identified throughout the literature with direction for implementation and evaluation approaches, and optimal integration into the healthcare system.
糖尿病指导正在成为自我管理和护理中的一个重要角色。指导的概念化以及如何实施和评估指导在文献中尚未阐明。本研究的目的是回顾文献，以：（i）使用经过验证的框架确定指导的组成部分，包括对技术作用的描述；（ii）描述糖尿病指导的实施和评估措施；（iii）提出一个未来实施的糖尿病指导模型。检索了EMBASE、MEDLINE、护理及相关健康文献累积索引（CINAHL）、PsychINFO和Cochrane对照试验中央注册库数据库，检索时间从建库至2015年1月。两名评估人员独立筛选并从符合条件的研究中提取数据，以获取指导的描述。八项试验符合入选标准，指导的核心组成部分不一致。然而，所有研究中提到的要素包括目标设定、糖尿病知识获取、个性化护理和频繁随访。只有两项研究利用技术进行指导沟通。糖尿病指导是一种可以满足患者持续复杂需求的干预措施；然而，文献中的实施和评估策略有限。本文提出了一个糖尿病指导模型，该模型源自文献中确定的组成部分，并给出了实施和评估方法的指导，以及如何最佳地融入医疗保健系统。
