Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.
Yale Systems Biology Institute.
Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0050-2016.
Specialized adaptations for killing microbes are synonymous with phagocytic cells including macrophages, monocytes, inflammatory neutrophils, and eosinophils. Recent genome sequencing of extant species, however, reveals that analogous antimicrobial machineries exist in certain non-immune cells and also within species that ostensibly lack a well-defined immune system. Here we probe the evolutionary record for clues about the ancient and diverse phylogenetic origins of macrophage killing mechanisms and how some of their properties are shared with cells outside the traditional bounds of immunity in higher vertebrates such as mammals.
专门用于杀死微生物的适应性特征与吞噬细胞（包括巨噬细胞、单核细胞、炎症性中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）同义。然而，最近对现存物种的基因组测序表明，类似的抗菌机制存在于某些非免疫细胞中，也存在于那些表面上缺乏明确免疫系统的物种中。在这里，我们探究了进化记录中的线索，以了解巨噬细胞杀伤机制的古老和多样化的系统发生起源，以及它们的某些特性如何与高等脊椎动物（如哺乳动物）中传统免疫范围之外的细胞共享。
