Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0009-2016.
Immunological memory is a central feature of the adaptive immune system and a prerequisite for generating effective vaccines. Understanding long-term memory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis will thus provide us with valuable insights that can guide us in the search for a novel vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). For many years, triggering CD4 T cells and, in particular, those secreting interferon-γ has been the goal of most TB vaccine research, and numerous data from animals and humans support the key role of this subset in protective immunity. More recently, we have learned that the memory response required for effective control of M. tuberculosis is much more complex, probably involving several phenotypically different CD4 T cell subsets as well as other cell types that are yet to be defined. Herein, we describe recent insights into memory immunity to TB in the context of both animal models and the human infection. With the increasing amount of data generated from clinical testing of novel TB vaccines, we also summarize recent knowledge of vaccine-induced memory immunity.
免疫记忆是适应性免疫系统的一个核心特征，也是产生有效疫苗的前提。因此，了解针对结核分枝杆菌的长期记忆反应将为我们提供有价值的见解，指导我们寻找针对结核病 (TB) 的新型疫苗。多年来，触发 CD4 T 细胞，特别是那些分泌干扰素-γ的细胞，一直是大多数结核病疫苗研究的目标，来自动物和人类的大量数据支持了这一亚群在保护性免疫中的关键作用。最近，我们了解到，有效控制结核分枝杆菌所需的记忆反应要复杂得多，可能涉及几种表型不同的 CD4 T 细胞亚群以及其他尚未确定的细胞类型。在此，我们描述了在动物模型和人类感染背景下，针对结核病的记忆免疫的最新见解。随着新型结核病疫苗临床试验产生的大量数据，我们也总结了最近关于疫苗诱导的记忆免疫的知识。
