Noor Hassim I, Norazman M R, Diana M, Khairul Hazdi Y, Rosnah I
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Med J Malaysia. 2016 Dec;71(6):331-337.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused significant burden to Malaysia as it accounted for 36% of total deaths. This study aims to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk factors among Malaysian adult and assess the difference between urban and rural population in the selected communities.
This study is part of the ongoing Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) database, whereby the baseline data were collected since June 2008. CVD risk was measured using INTERHEART risk score which comprised of eleven risk factors i.e. age and gender, family history of heart attack, smoking status, exposure to second hand smoke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension status, waist-hip ratio, self-reported stress, depression, dietary habits and physical activity status.
Majority of the studied participants had low cardiovascular risk (57%). Participants from rural area were generally older, had lower educational status, higher prevalence of smokers, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and more likely to be depressed. In comparison, urbanites had lower physical activities and more likely to be stressful. Mean INTERHEART score among rural participants were higher, especially for male, in comparison to urbanite (11.5±5.83 vs. 10.01±5.74, p<0.001).
Contradict to common beliefs, participants in rural areas generally have higher cardiovascular risk factors compared to their urban counterparts. The rural population should be targeted for focused preventive interventions, taking account the socioeconomic and cultural context.
心血管疾病（CVD）给马来西亚带来了巨大负担，因为它占总死亡人数的36%。本研究旨在评估马来西亚成年人中心血管危险因素的负担，并评估所选社区城乡人口之间的差异。
本研究是正在进行的城乡前瞻性流行病学（PURE）数据库的一部分，自2008年6月起收集基线数据。使用包含11个危险因素的INTERHEART风险评分来衡量心血管疾病风险，这11个危险因素即年龄和性别、心脏病发作家族史、吸烟状况、二手烟暴露、糖尿病、高血压状况、腰臀比、自我报告的压力、抑郁、饮食习惯和身体活动状况。
大多数研究参与者的心血管疾病风险较低（57%）。农村地区的参与者通常年龄较大，教育程度较低，吸烟者、肥胖者、高血压患者、糖尿病患者的患病率较高，且更易抑郁。相比之下，城市居民的身体活动较少，压力更大。与城市居民相比，农村参与者的平均INTERHEART评分更高，尤其是男性（11.5±5.83对10.01±5.74，p<0.001）。
与普遍看法相反，农村地区的参与者通常比城市地区的参与者有更高的心血管危险因素。应针对农村人口进行有针对性的预防干预，并考虑社会经济和文化背景。
