Timmermann Clara Amalie Gade, Budtz-Jørgensen Esben, Jensen Tina Kold, Osuna Christa Elyse, Petersen Maria Skaalum, Steuerwald Ulrike, Nielsen Flemming, Poulsen Lars K, Weihe Pál, Grandjean Philippe
a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark.
b Section of Biostatistics , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
J Immunotoxicol. 2017 Dec;14(1):39-49. doi: 10.1080/1547691X.2016.1254306. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are highly persistent chemicals that might be associated with asthma and allergy, but the associations remain unclear. Therefore, this study examined whether pre- and postnatal PFAS exposure was associated with childhood asthma and allergy. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination in early life may have a protective effect against asthma and allergy, and MMR vaccination is therefore taken into account when evaluating these associations. In a cohort of Faroese children whose mothers were recruited during pregnancy, serum concentrations of five PFASs - Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) - were measured at three timepoints (maternal serum in pregnancy week 34-36 and child serum at ages 5 and 13 years) and their association with immunoglobulin E (IgE) (cord blood and at age 7 years) and asthma/allergic diseases (questionnaires at ages 5 and 13 years and skin prick test at age 13 years) was determined. A total of 559 children were included in the analyses. Interactions with MMR vaccination were evaluated. Among 22 MMR-unvaccinated children, higher levels of the five PFASs at age 5 years were associated with increased odds of asthma at ages 5 and 13. The associations were reversed among MMR-vaccinated children. Prenatal PFAS exposure was not associated with childhood asthma or allergic diseases regardless of MMR vaccination status. In conclusion, PFAS exposure at age 5 was associated with increased risk of asthma among a small subgroup of MMR-unvaccinated children but not among MMR-vaccinated children. While PFAS exposure may impact immune system functions, this study suggests that MMR vaccination might be a potential effect-modifier.
全氟烷基物质（PFASs）是一类具有高度持久性的化学物质，可能与哮喘和过敏有关，但这种关联仍不明确。因此，本研究探讨了产前和产后接触PFASs是否与儿童哮喘和过敏有关。早年接种麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗可能对哮喘和过敏具有保护作用，因此在评估这些关联时会考虑MMR疫苗接种情况。在一组法罗群岛儿童队列中，这些儿童的母亲在孕期被招募入组，在三个时间点测量了五种PFASs（全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟癸酸（PFDA））的血清浓度（孕34 - 36周时的母亲血清以及5岁和13岁时的儿童血清），并确定了它们与免疫球蛋白E（IgE）（脐血和7岁时）以及哮喘/过敏性疾病（5岁和13岁时的问卷以及13岁时的皮肤点刺试验）之间的关联。共有559名儿童纳入分析。评估了与MMR疫苗接种的相互作用。在22名未接种MMR疫苗的儿童中，5岁时五种PFASs水平较高与5岁和13岁时哮喘几率增加有关。在接种MMR疫苗的儿童中，这种关联则相反。无论MMR疫苗接种状态如何，产前PFAS暴露与儿童哮喘或过敏性疾病均无关联。总之，5岁时接触PFASs与一小部分未接种MMR疫苗的儿童哮喘风险增加有关，但与接种MMR疫苗的儿童无关。虽然PFAS暴露可能影响免疫系统功能，但本研究表明MMR疫苗接种可能是一种潜在的效应修饰因素。
