Freisl M, Speck S, Truyen U, Reese S, Proksch A-L, Hartmann K
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Vet J. 2017 Jan;219:15-21. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.011. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
Since little is known about the persistence and faecal shedding of canine parvovirus (CPV) in dogs after modified-live vaccination, diagnostic tests for CPV can be difficult to interpret in the post-vaccination period. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence, duration and extent of CPV vaccine virus shedding in adult dogs and to investigate related factors, including the presence of protective antibodies, increase in anti-CPV antibody titres and development of any gastrointestinal side-effects. A secondary objective was to assess prevalence of CPV field virus shedding in clinically healthy dogs due to subclinical infections. One hundred adult, healthy privately owned dogs were vaccinated with a commercial CPV-2 modified-live vaccine (MLV). Faeces were tested for the presence of CPV DNA on days 0 (prior to vaccination), 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 by quantitative real-time PCR. Pre- and post-vaccination serum titres were determined by haemagglutination inhibition on days 0, 7 and 28. Transient excretion of CPV DNA was detected in 2.0% of dogs before vaccination. About one quarter of dogs (23.0%) shed CPV DNA during the post-vaccination period, but field and vaccine virus differentiation by VP2 gene sequencing was only successful in few samples. Faecal CPV excretion occurred despite protective serum antibody titres. Post-vaccination CPV shedding was not related to adequate antibody response after vaccination or to the occurrence of gastrointestinal side-effects. Despite individual differences, CPV DNA was detectable for up to 28 days after vaccination, although the faecal CPV DNA load in these clinically healthy dogs was very low.
由于对犬细小病毒（CPV）在接种改良活疫苗后在犬体内的持续存在及粪便排出情况了解甚少，因此在接种疫苗后的时期内，CPV的诊断检测结果可能难以解读。本研究的主要目的是确定成年犬中CPV疫苗病毒排出的发生率、持续时间和程度，并调查相关因素，包括保护性抗体的存在、抗CPV抗体滴度的增加以及任何胃肠道副作用的发生情况。次要目标是评估临床健康犬因亚临床感染而排出CPV野毒的流行情况。100只成年健康的私人饲养犬接种了一种商业化的CPV-2改良活疫苗（MLV）。在第0天（接种前）、第3天、第7天、第14天、第21天和第28天，通过定量实时PCR检测粪便中CPV DNA的存在情况。在第0天、第7天和第28天通过血凝抑制试验测定接种前后的血清滴度。接种疫苗前，2.0%的犬检测到CPV DNA的短暂排出。约四分之一的犬（23.0%）在接种疫苗后的时期内排出CPV DNA，但通过VP2基因测序区分野毒和疫苗病毒仅在少数样本中成功。尽管血清中有保护性抗体滴度，但仍出现粪便CPV排出。接种疫苗后CPV的排出与接种后是否有足够的抗体反应或胃肠道副作用的发生无关。尽管存在个体差异，但接种疫苗后长达28天仍可检测到CPV DNA，尽管这些临床健康犬的粪便CPV DNA载量非常低。
