Scheffers Mia, van Busschbach Jooske T, Bosscher Ruud J, Aerts Liza C, Wiersma Durk, Schoevers Robert A
Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, School of Human Movement and Education, Campus 2-6, 8017, CA, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, School of Human Movement and Education, Campus 2-6, 8017, CA, Zwolle, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Centre, P. O Box 30.001, CC72, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Compr Psychiatry. 2017 Apr;74:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.004. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
Despite the increasing recognition in clinical practice of body image problems in other than appearance related mental disorders, the question remains how aspects of body image are affected in different disorders. The aim of this study was to measure body image in patients with a variety of mental disorders and to compare scores with those in the general population in order to obtain more insight in the relative disturbance of body image in the patients group compared to healthy controls. In a further exploration associations with self-reported mental health, quality of life and empowerment were established as well as the changes in body image in patients over time.
176 women and 91 men in regular psychiatric treatment completed the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire, the Outcome Questionnaire, the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life and the Mental Health Confidence Scale. Measurements were repeated after four months.
Patients with mental disorders, especially those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), scored significantly lower on body image, with large effect sizes, in comparison with the healthy controls. Scores of patients from different diagnostic groups varied across domains of body image, with body acceptance lowest in the group with eating disorders, and sexual fulfillment extremely low in PTSD. Vitality did not differ significantly between the various disorders. Gender differences were large for body acceptance and sexual fulfillment and small for vitality. Associations of body image with self-reported mental health, quality of life and empowerment were moderate to strong. After four months of treatment positive changes in body image were observed.
Negative body image is a common problem occurring in most patients with mental disorders. Diagnosis-specific profiles emerge, with PTSD being the most affected disorder. Body acceptance and sexual fulfillment were the most differentiating aspects of body image between diagnoses. Changes in body image occur over the course of treatment.
尽管临床实践中越来越认识到除外貌相关精神障碍外的身体意象问题，但身体意象的各个方面在不同障碍中如何受到影响仍是个问题。本研究的目的是测量各种精神障碍患者的身体意象，并将得分与普通人群进行比较，以便更深入了解患者组与健康对照组相比身体意象的相对紊乱情况。在进一步的探索中，还建立了与自我报告的心理健康、生活质量和赋权的关联，以及患者身体意象随时间的变化。
176名接受常规精神治疗的女性和91名男性完成了德累斯顿身体意象问卷、结果问卷、曼彻斯特生活质量简短评估量表和心理健康信心量表。四个月后重复测量。
与健康对照组相比，患有精神障碍的患者，尤其是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者，在身体意象方面得分显著更低，效应量较大。来自不同诊断组的患者在身体意象各领域的得分有所不同，饮食失调组的身体接纳度最低，PTSD组的性满足感极低。不同障碍之间的活力得分无显著差异。身体接纳度和性满足感的性别差异较大，活力的性别差异较小。身体意象与自我报告的心理健康、生活质量和赋权的关联为中度至强度。治疗四个月后，观察到身体意象有积极变化。
负面身体意象是大多数精神障碍患者中常见的问题。出现了特定诊断的特征，PTSD是受影响最严重的障碍。身体接纳度和性满足感是不同诊断之间身体意象最具差异的方面。身体意象在治疗过程中会发生变化。
