Lombard-Banek Camille, Portero Erika P, Onjiko Rosemary M, Nemes Peter
Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052.
Genesis. 2017 Jan;55(1-2). doi: 10.1002/dvg.23012.
Systems cell biology understanding of development requires characterization of all the molecules produced in the biological system. Decades of research and new-generation sequencing provided functional information on key genes and transcripts. However, there is less information available on how differential gene expression translates into the domains of functionally important proteins, peptides, and metabolites, and how changes in these molecules impact development. Mass spectrometry (MS) is the current technology of choice for the detection and quantification of large numbers of proteins and metabolites, because it requires no use of antibodies, functional probes, or a priori knowledge of molecules produced in the system. This review focuses on recent technologies that have improved MS sensitivity for proteins and metabolites and enabled new functionalities to assess their temporal and spatial changes during vertebrate embryonic development. This review highlights case studies, in which new-generation MS tools have enabled the study of hundreds-to-thousands of proteins and metabolites in tissues, cell populations, and single cells in model systems of vertebrate development, particularly the frog (Xenopus), zebrafish, and mouse. New-generation MS expands the toolbox of cell and developmental studies, raising exciting potentials to advance basic and translational research in the life sciences.
从系统细胞生物学角度理解发育需要对生物系统中产生的所有分子进行表征。数十年的研究和新一代测序技术提供了关于关键基因和转录本的功能信息。然而，关于基因差异表达如何转化为功能重要的蛋白质、肽和代谢物结构域，以及这些分子的变化如何影响发育，目前可用信息较少。质谱（MS）是目前用于检测和定量大量蛋白质和代谢物的首选技术，因为它无需使用抗体、功能探针或对系统中产生的分子的先验知识。本综述重点关注近期提高了蛋白质和代谢物质谱灵敏度并实现了评估其在脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中的时空变化新功能的技术。本综述突出了案例研究，其中新一代质谱工具能够在脊椎动物发育模型系统，特别是青蛙（非洲爪蟾）、斑马鱼和小鼠的组织、细胞群体和单细胞中研究数百至数千种蛋白质和代谢物。新一代质谱扩展了细胞和发育研究的工具库，为推进生命科学的基础研究和转化研究带来了令人兴奋的潜力。
