Ivgin Tunca Rahşan, Oskay Devrim, Gosterit Ayhan, Tekin Olgay Kaan
Dept. of Plant and Animal Breeding, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Muğla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey.
Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
Iran J Parasitol. 2016 Apr-Jun;11(2):259-264.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the and among apiaries using both spore counts and multiplex PCR and the replacement of by in some regions of Turkey.
A hundred honey bee samples were collected from 99 apiaries in 11 different locations in 2011-2012 in Turkey. infection degree from collected samples was determined using light microscope and molecular detection of spp. ( and ) was performed using specific primers by multiplex PCR.
was only found spores in sampling areas using molecular diagnosis. was not detected in whole sampling areas using both techniques. There are no spores detected in Konya one location using two techniques. The nucleotide sequences from amplification products of the infested honeybee samples were (98%) identical with the sequence of for many countries deposited in the GenBank database in this study.
The present study illustrated that is the only spores for sampled areas in 2011-2012. The study could also indicate that has been replaced instead of N in Turkey. In addition, the prevalence of and two microsporodia spores effects on honey bee colonies in Turkey were needed to determine with intensive sampling, periodically.
本研究的目的是通过孢子计数和多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）来确定土耳其某些地区养蜂场中[具体菌种1]和[具体菌种2]的流行情况，以及[具体菌种1]被[具体菌种2]取代的情况。
2011 - 2012年期间，从土耳其11个不同地点的99个养蜂场收集了100份蜜蜂样本。使用光学显微镜确定所收集样本的[具体菌种1]感染程度，并通过多重PCR使用特异性引物对[具体菌种1]的种类（[具体菌种1.1]和[具体菌种1.2]）进行分子检测。
仅在使用分子诊断的采样区域发现了[具体菌种1]的孢子。使用两种技术在整个采样区域均未检测到[具体菌种2]。在科尼亚的一个地点使用两种技术均未检测到[具体菌种1]的孢子。在本研究中，受感染蜜蜂样本扩增产物的核苷酸序列与GenBank数据库中许多国家的[具体菌种1]序列有98%的同一性。
本研究表明，[具体菌种1]是2011 - 2012年采样区域中唯一的孢子。该研究还表明在土耳其[具体菌种1]已被[具体菌种2]取代。此外，需要通过定期密集采样来确定[具体菌种2]以及两种微孢子虫孢子在土耳其对蜂群的流行情况及其影响。
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