Garcia Danilo, Sagone Elisabetta, De Caroli Maria Elvira, Nima Ali Al
Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania , Catania , Sicily , Italy.
PeerJ. 2017 Jan 12;5:e2868. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2868. eCollection 2017.
One important aspect of subjective judgments about one's well-being (i.e., subjective well-being: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) is that cultural features, such as, nationality seem to shape cognitive judgments about the "the ideal life." In this comparative study we examined differences in subjective well-being and psychological well-being between Italian and Swedish adolescents and tested if the relationship between the three constructs of subjective well-being (i.e., satisfaction with life, positive affect, and negative affect) and psychological well-being was moderated by the adolescents' nationality.
Italian ( = 255) and Swedish ( = 277) adolescents answered to the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being. Differences between samples were tested using a Multiple Analysis of Variance. We also conducted a multiple group analysis (Italy and Sweden) using Structural Equation Modelling to investigate the relationship between all three subjective well-being constructs and psychological well-being.
Italian adolescents scored significantly higher in satisfaction with life than Swedish adolescents. Additionally, across countries, girls scored significantly higher in negative affect than boys. In both countries, all three constructs of subjective well-being were significantly associated to adolescents' psychological well-being. Nevertheless, while the effect of the relationship between affect and psychological well-being was almost the same across countries, life satisfaction was more strongly related to psychological well-being among Swedish adolescents.
The present study shows that there are larger variations between these two cultures in the cognitive construct of subjective well-being than in the affective construct. Accordingly, associations between the cognitive component, not the affective component, of subjective well-being and psychological well-being differ between countries as well.
对个人幸福感（即主观幸福感：生活满意度、积极情绪和消极情绪）进行主观判断的一个重要方面是，文化特征，如国籍，似乎会塑造关于“理想生活”的认知判断。在这项比较研究中，我们考察了意大利和瑞典青少年在主观幸福感和心理健康方面的差异，并检验了青少年的国籍是否会调节主观幸福感的三个构成要素（即生活满意度、积极情绪和消极情绪）与心理健康之间的关系。
意大利青少年（n = 255）和瑞典青少年（n = 277）回答了生活满意度量表、积极情绪消极情绪量表以及赖夫心理健康量表。使用多因素方差分析检验样本之间的差异。我们还使用结构方程模型进行了多组分析（意大利和瑞典），以研究所有三个主观幸福感构成要素与心理健康之间的关系。
意大利青少年在生活满意度方面的得分显著高于瑞典青少年。此外，在所有国家中，女孩在消极情绪方面的得分显著高于男孩。在这两个国家，主观幸福感的所有三个构成要素都与青少年的心理健康显著相关。然而，虽然情绪与心理健康之间关系的效应在各国几乎相同，但生活满意度与瑞典青少年心理健康的相关性更强。
本研究表明，在主观幸福感的认知构成方面，这两种文化之间的差异比情感构成方面的差异更大。因此，主观幸福感的认知成分而非情感成分与心理健康之间的关联在不同国家也存在差异。
