Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, China.
School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 18;7:40950. doi: 10.1038/srep40950.
Lactation provides the singular source of nourishment to the offspring of mammals. This nutrition source also contains a diverse microbiota affecting the development and health of the newborn. Here, we examined the milk microbiota in water deer (Hydropotes inermis, the most primitive member of the family Cervidae), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, the oldest semi-domesticated cervid), and the dairy goat (Capra aegagrus, member of the family Bovidae), to determine if common milk microbiota species were present across all three ruminant species. The results showed that water deer had the highest bacterial diversity, followed by reindeer, and then goat. Unifrac distance and correspondence analyses revealed that water deer harbored an increased abundance of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., while milk from reindeer and goat was dominated by unclassified bacteria from the family Hyphomicrobiaceae and Bacillus spp., respectively. These data indicate significant differences in the composition of milk-based bacterial communities. The presence of Halomonas spp. in three distinct co-occurrence networks of bacterial interactions revealed both common and unique features in milk niches. These results suggest that the milk of water deer and reindeer harbor unique bacterial communities compared with the goat, which might reflect host microbial adaptation caused by evolution.
哺乳为哺乳动物后代提供了唯一的营养来源。这种营养来源还含有多样化的微生物群，影响新生儿的发育和健康。在这里，我们研究了水鹿（Hydropotes inermis，鹿科最原始的成员）、驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus，最古老的半驯化鹿）和奶山羊（Capra aegagrus，牛科成员）的乳微生物群，以确定是否在所有三种反刍动物物种中都存在常见的乳微生物群物种。结果表明，水鹿的细菌多样性最高，其次是驯鹿，然后是山羊。未加权 UniFrac 距离和对应分析表明，水鹿中假单胞菌和不动杆菌属的丰度增加，而来自海单胞菌科和芽孢杆菌属的未分类细菌分别是驯鹿和山羊乳的优势菌。这些数据表明基于乳的细菌群落的组成存在显著差异。在三个不同的细菌相互作用共生网络中存在盐单胞菌属表明在乳生境中存在共同和独特的特征。这些结果表明，与山羊相比，水鹿和驯鹿的乳汁中含有独特的细菌群落，这可能反映了宿主微生物因进化而产生的适应性。
