Kumar Vijaya, Venkatasubramanian Ganesan
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, New Kabini Hostel Complex, Hosur road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India.
The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2017 Jan;7(1):42-47. doi: 10.1177/2045125316672133. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neuro-sensorimotor disorder affecting 2-4% of adults. It is characterized by intense urges to move the legs, associated with unpleasant sensory disturbances in the legs occurring at rest and manifests mostly in the evening and night, relieved by movement. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation and the consensus criteria for the diagnosis have been established. Antipsychotics, the dopamine antagonists, have been reported to induce RLS. Dopamine agonists, the effective first-line treatment of RLS, carry the risk of inducing or worsening psychosis. Many nondopaminergic agents including antiepileptic medications have also been used in the treatment of primary RLS. In this report we describe clozapine-induced RLS in two patients with schizophrenia and its successful treatment with gabapentin, a nondopaminergic agent. In addition, we have reviewed the available literature on clozapine-induced RLS and its management.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）是一种影响2%至4%成年人的神经感觉运动障碍。其特征是强烈的腿部活动冲动，伴有休息时腿部出现的不愉快感觉障碍，且主要在傍晚和夜间表现出来，活动后可缓解。诊断主要基于临床表现，并且已经确立了诊断的共识标准。抗精神病药物，即多巴胺拮抗剂，据报道可诱发RLS。多巴胺激动剂是RLS的有效一线治疗药物，但有诱发或加重精神病的风险。许多非多巴胺能药物，包括抗癫痫药物，也已用于原发性RLS的治疗。在本报告中，我们描述了两例精神分裂症患者中氯氮平诱发的RLS及其用非多巴胺能药物加巴喷丁成功治疗的情况。此外，我们还回顾了关于氯氮平诱发RLS及其管理的现有文献。
