College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Mar;24(8):7253-7263. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-8252-2. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
Sulfadimidine (SM2) is commonly used in the swine industry and enters the environment via faeces. In recent years, advances in the ecotoxicology of SM2 have become a popular research interest with two common research methods including swine manure collection from swine fed with a diet containing SM2 and directly adding SM2. The purpose of this experiment was to compare SM2 degradation behaviour in pig manure with two different SM2 addition methods. The results showed that the degradation half-lives of SM2 in manure from SM2-fed swine treatment were 33.2 and 32.0 days at the initial addition level of SM2 at 32.1 and 64.3 mg/kg, respectively. This was significantly longer than that in manure directly adding SM2 treatment with the half-lives of 21.4 and 14.8 days. The metabolite of SM2 N-acetyl-sulfamethazine occurred in manure from SM2-fed swine treatment but was not detected in directly adding SM2 treatment. The pH in manure from SM2-fed swine treatment was significantly lower than that in directly adding SM2 treatment, but the values of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and electrical conductivity in manure from SM2-fed swine treatment were significantly higher than those in manure directly adding SM2 treatment. Meanwhile, although the copy number of bacteria had no significant difference between two treatments, there was a significant difference in bacteria diversity. Results of the present study demonstrated that the presence of the metabolites, chemical property, and microbial diversity might be the reason for different SM2 degradation behaviours on different addition methods. Thus, the method using manure with SM2 collected from swine could obtain more accurate results for the ecotoxicological study of SM2.
磺胺二甲嘧啶（SM2）在养猪业中被广泛使用，通过粪便进入环境。近年来，SM2 的生态毒理学研究进展成为热门研究方向，两种常见的研究方法包括收集饲用 SM2 日粮的猪粪和直接添加 SM2。本实验旨在比较两种不同添加方法下猪粪中 SM2 的降解行为。结果表明，在 SM2 初始添加水平为 32.1 和 64.3mg/kg 时，SM2 喂养猪粪中 SM2 的降解半衰期分别为 33.2 和 32.0 天，明显长于直接添加 SM2 处理的 21.4 和 14.8 天。SM2 的代谢产物 N-乙酰磺胺嘧啶在 SM2 喂养猪粪中出现，但在直接添加 SM2 处理中未检测到。SM2 喂养猪粪的 pH 值明显低于直接添加 SM2 处理，但 SM2 喂养猪粪的有机碳、总氮和电导率值明显高于直接添加 SM2 处理。同时，虽然两种处理方法的细菌拷贝数没有显著差异，但细菌多样性有显著差异。本研究结果表明，代谢物的存在、化学性质和微生物多样性可能是不同添加方法下 SM2 降解行为不同的原因。因此，使用收集自猪的含 SM2 粪便的方法可以更准确地研究 SM2 的生态毒理学。
