Kallakuri Srinivasu, Desai Alok, Feng Ke, Tummala Sharvani, Saif Tal, Chen Chaoyang, Zhang Liying, Cavanaugh John M, King Albert I
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 20;12(1):e0169239. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169239. eCollection 2017.
With the rapid increase in the number of blast induced traumatic brain injuries and associated neuropsychological consequences in veterans returning from the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, the need to better understand the neuropathological sequelae following exposure to an open field blast exposure is still critical. Although a large body of experimental studies have attempted to address these pathological changes using shock tube models of blast injury, studies directed at understanding changes in a gyrencephalic brain exposed to a true open field blast are limited and thus forms the focus of this study. Anesthetized, male Yucatan swine were subjected to forward facing medium blast overpressure (peak side on overpressure 224-332 kPa; n = 7) or high blast overpressure (peak side on overpressure 350-403 kPa; n = 5) by detonating 3.6 kg of composition-4 charge. Sham animals (n = 5) were subjected to all the conditions without blast exposure. After a 3-day survival period, the brain was harvested and sections from the frontal lobes were processed for histological assessment of neuronal injury and glial reactivity changes. Significant neuronal injury in the form of beta amyloid precursor protein immunoreactive zones in the gray and white matter was observed in the frontal lobe sections from both the blast exposure groups. A significant increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia was also observed in the blast exposed sections compared to sham sections. We postulate that the observed acute injury changes may progress to chronic periods after blast and may contribute to short and long-term neuronal degeneration and glial mediated inflammation.
随着从伊拉克和阿富汗行动归来的退伍军人中，爆炸所致创伤性脑损伤的数量及其相关神经心理学后果迅速增加，更好地了解暴露于开阔场地爆炸后的神经病理学后遗症的需求仍然至关重要。尽管大量实验研究试图使用爆炸伤的冲击管模型来解决这些病理变化，但针对了解暴露于真实开阔场地爆炸的脑回状脑变化的研究有限，因此形成了本研究的重点。将麻醉的雄性尤卡坦猪通过引爆3.6千克C4炸药，使其承受正向中等爆炸超压（侧面峰值超压224 - 332千帕；n = 7）或高爆炸超压（侧面峰值超压350 - 403千帕；n = 5）。假手术动物（n = 5）接受所有条件但不进行爆炸暴露。在3天的存活期后，收获大脑并对额叶切片进行处理，以评估神经元损伤和胶质细胞反应性变化的组织学情况。在两个爆炸暴露组的额叶切片中，均观察到以灰质和白质中β淀粉样前体蛋白免疫反应区形式存在的显著神经元损伤。与假手术切片相比，在爆炸暴露切片中还观察到星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞数量显著增加。我们推测，观察到的急性损伤变化在爆炸后可能会发展到慢性期，并可能导致短期和长期的神经元变性以及胶质细胞介导的炎症。
