Diagnostic problems in extrapyramidal disorders.

The diagnostic problems of extrapyramidal disorders (ED) are reviewed. Many of the wide range of ED occur rarely, and clinical experience is difficult to obtain. Despite great advances in pathophysiology and pathological anatomy the diagnosis of ED is still mainly a clinical diagnosis, and the diagnostic problems are discussed principally in relation to the involuntary movements and partly with regard to muscle tone. Except in a few diseases, biochemical and microbiological analyses, EEG, EMG and X-ray examinations offer little contribution to the solution of diagnostic problems in these disorders.