Golden G S
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1982 Dec;3(4):209-16. doi: 10.1097/00004703-198212000-00007.
Movement disorders in childhood are rare, but their occurrence is dramatic and frightening. Differential diagnosis depends primarily on a detailed evaluation of the history and an analysis of the characteristics of the movements. Tics are the most common movement disorder in childhood, ranging in severity for simple transient tics to the complex Tourette syndrome, which may be associated with many bizarre behaviors. Minimal defining characteristics of Tourette syndrome are the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics. Associated features may include echolalia, coprolalia, complex stereotyped movements, and compulsive behavior. There is a prominent familial occurrence of Tourette syndrome. Stimulant drugs may cause exacerbation of symptoms. The only consistency useful medication is haloperidol, but its use is associated with side effects in approximately 50% of the patients treated.
儿童运动障碍较为罕见，但其发生却引人注目且令人恐惧。鉴别诊断主要依赖于对病史的详细评估以及对运动特征的分析。抽动是儿童期最常见的运动障碍，严重程度从简单的短暂抽动到复杂的妥瑞氏综合征不等，后者可能与许多怪异行为相关。妥瑞氏综合征的最小定义特征是存在多种运动性和发声性抽动。相关特征可能包括模仿言语、秽语、复杂的刻板动作和强迫行为。妥瑞氏综合征有明显的家族聚集性。刺激性药物可能会使症状加重。唯一有效的常用药物是氟哌啶醇，但在约50%接受治疗的患者中使用该药会伴有副作用。
