Dekeyzer Sven, De Kock Isabelle, Nikoubashman Omid, Vanden Bossche Stephanie, Van Eetvelde Ruth, De Groote Jeroen, Acou Marjan, Wiesmann Martin, Deblaere Karel, Achten Eric
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
Department of Radiology, University Hospital (UZ) Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Insights Imaging. 2017 Apr;8(2):199-212. doi: 10.1007/s13244-016-0541-2. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
The hippocampus is a small but complex anatomical structure that plays an important role in spatial and episodic memory. The hippocampus can be affected by a wide range of congenital variants and degenerative, inflammatory, vascular, tumoral and toxic-metabolic pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging technique for evaluating the hippocampus. The main indications requiring tailored imaging sequences of the hippocampus are medically refractory epilepsy and dementia. The purpose of this pictorial review is threefold: (1) to review the normal anatomy of the hippocampus on MRI; (2) to discuss the optimal imaging strategy for the evaluation of the hippocampus; and (3) to present a pictorial overview of the most common anatomic variants and pathologic conditions affecting the hippocampus.
• Knowledge of normal hippocampal anatomy helps recognize anatomic variants and hippocampal pathology. • Refractory epilepsy and dementia are the main indications requiring dedicated hippocampal imaging. • Pathologic conditions centered in and around the hippocampus often have similar imaging features. • Clinical information is often necessary to come to a correct diagnosis or an apt differential.
海马体是一个小而复杂的解剖结构，在空间记忆和情景记忆中起着重要作用。海马体可受到多种先天性变异以及退行性、炎症性、血管性、肿瘤性和毒性代谢性病变的影响。磁共振成像（MRI）是评估海马体的首选成像技术。需要针对海马体采用定制成像序列的主要指征是药物难治性癫痫和痴呆。本图像综述的目的有三个：（1）回顾MRI上海马体的正常解剖结构；（2）讨论评估海马体的最佳成像策略；（3）呈现影响海马体的最常见解剖变异和病理状况的图像概述。
• 了解海马体的正常解剖结构有助于识别解剖变异和海马体病变。• 难治性癫痫和痴呆是需要专门进行海马体成像的主要指征。• 以海马体及其周围为中心的病理状况通常具有相似的成像特征。• 通常需要临床信息才能做出正确诊断或恰当的鉴别诊断。
