Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 S. Fourth Street, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA.
Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Mar;17(3):195-207. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.138. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Two of the most important contemporary emerging viruses that affect human health in Africa are Ebola virus (EBOV) and Lassa virus (LASV). The 2013-2016 West African outbreak of EBOV was responsible for more than 11,000 deaths, primarily in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. LASV is constantly emerging in these and surrounding West African countries, with an estimate of more than 500,000 cases of Lassa fever, and approximately 5,000 deaths, annually. Both EBOV and LASV are zoonotic, and human infection often results in a severe haemorrhagic fever in both cases. However, the contribution of specific immune responses to disease differs between EBOV and LASV. This Review examines innate and adaptive immune responses to these viruses with the goal of delineating responses that are associated with protective versus pathogenic outcomes.
两种对非洲人类健康影响最大的当代新兴病毒是埃博拉病毒（EBOV）和拉沙热病毒（LASV）。2013-2016 年西非埃博拉病毒爆发导致 11000 多人死亡，主要发生在几内亚、塞拉利昂和利比里亚。LASV 不断在这些国家和周围的西非国家出现，估计每年有超过 50 万例拉沙热病例和大约 5000 人死亡。EBOV 和 LASV 均为人畜共患病，人类感染通常会导致两种病毒均引发严重的出血热。然而，针对这两种病毒，特定的免疫反应对疾病的贡献不同。这篇综述检查了针对这些病毒的先天和适应性免疫反应，目的是阐明与保护或致病结果相关的反应。
