Grunkina Viktoria, Holtz Katharina, Klepzig Kai, Neubert Jörg, Horn Ulrike, Domin Martin, Hamm Alfons O, Lotze Martin
Functional Imaging Unit, Center of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald Greifswald, Germany.
Functional Imaging Unit, Center of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Jan 6;10:670. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00670. eCollection 2016.
The particular function of the left anterior human insula on emotional arousal has been illustrated with several case studies. Only after left hemispheric insula lesions, patients lose their pleasure in habits such as listening to joyful music. In functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (fMRI) activation in the left anterior insula has been associated with both processing of emotional valence and arousal. Tight interactions with different areas of the prefrontal cortex are involved in bodily response monitoring and cognitive appraisal of a given stimulus. Therefore, a large left hemispheric lesion including the left insula should impair the bodily response of chill experience (objective chill response) but leave the cognitive aspects of chill processing (subjective chill response) unaffected. We investigated a patient (MC) with a complete left hemispheric media cerebral artery stroke, testing fMRI representation of pleasant (music) and unpleasant (harsh sounds) chill response. Although chill response to both pleasant and unpleasant rated sounds was confirmed verbally at passages also rated as chilling by healthy participants, skin conductance response was almost absent in MC. For a healthy control (HC) objective and subjective chill response was positively associated. Bilateral prefrontal fMRI-response to chill stimuli was sustained in MC whereas insula activation restricted to the right hemisphere. Diffusion imaging together with lesion maps revealed that left lateral tracts were completely damaged but medial prefrontal structures were intact. With this case study we demonstrate how bodily response and cognitive appraisal are differentially participating in the internal monitor of chill response.
通过多个案例研究，已经阐明了人类左前脑岛在情绪唤起方面的特定功能。只有在左脑岛受损后，患者才会对诸如听欢快音乐等习惯失去兴趣。在功能磁共振成像研究（fMRI）中，左前脑岛的激活与情绪效价和唤起的处理都有关联。与前额叶皮质不同区域的紧密相互作用参与了对给定刺激的身体反应监测和认知评估。因此，包括左脑岛在内的大面积左脑半球损伤应该会损害寒战体验的身体反应（客观寒战反应），但不会影响寒战处理的认知方面（主观寒战反应）。我们研究了一名患有完全性左脑半球大脑中动脉卒中的患者（MC），测试了对愉快（音乐）和不愉快（刺耳声音）寒战反应的fMRI表现。尽管在健康参与者也评定为令人寒战的段落中，MC对愉快和不愉快声音的寒战反应在言语上得到了证实，但MC几乎没有皮肤电导反应。对于健康对照者（HC），客观和主观寒战反应呈正相关。MC对寒战刺激的双侧前额叶fMRI反应持续存在，而脑岛激活仅限于右半球。扩散成像与病变图谱显示，左侧外侧束完全受损，但内侧前额叶结构完好。通过这个案例研究，我们展示了身体反应和认知评估如何在寒战反应的内部监测中发挥不同的作用。
