McAnulty Sarah J, Nyholm Spencer V
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jan 6;7:2013. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02013. eCollection 2016.
Most, if not all, animals engage in associations with bacterial symbionts. Understanding the mechanisms by which host immune systems and beneficial bacteria communicate is a fundamental question in the fields of immunology and symbiosis. The Hawaiian bobtail squid () engages in two known symbioses; a binary relationship with the light organ symbiont , and a bacterial consortium within a specialized organ of the female reproductive system, the accessory nidamental gland (ANG). has a well-developed circulatory system that allows immune cells (hemocytes) to migrate into tissues, including the light organ and ANG. In the association with , hemocytes are thought to have a number of roles in the management of symbiosis, including the recognition of non-symbiotic bacteria and the contribution of chitin as a nutrient source for . Hemocytes are hypothesized to recognize bacteria through interactions between pattern recognition receptors and microbe-associated molecular patterns. Colonization by has been shown to affect the bacteria-binding behavior, gene expression, and proteome of hemocytes, indicating that the symbiont can modulate host immune function. In the ANG, hemocytes have also been observed interacting with the residing bacterial community. As a model host, offers a unique opportunity to study how the innate immune system interacts with both a binary and consortial symbiosis. This mini review will recapitulate what is known about the role of hemocytes in the light organ association and offer future directions for understanding how these immune cells interact with multiple types of symbioses.
大多数（如果不是所有的话）动物都与细菌共生体建立联系。了解宿主免疫系统与有益细菌之间的通讯机制是免疫学和共生学领域的一个基本问题。夏威夷短尾乌贼（）参与两种已知的共生关系；与发光器官共生体的二元关系，以及在雌性生殖系统的一个特殊器官——副缠卵腺（ANG）内的细菌群落。 拥有发达的循环系统，使免疫细胞（血细胞）能够迁移到包括发光器官和ANG在内的组织中。在与 的共生关系中，血细胞被认为在共生管理中发挥多种作用，包括识别非共生细菌以及提供几丁质作为 的营养来源。据推测，血细胞通过模式识别受体与微生物相关分子模式之间的相互作用来识别细菌。 的定殖已被证明会影响血细胞的细菌结合行为、基因表达和蛋白质组，这表明共生体可以调节宿主免疫功能。在ANG中，也观察到血细胞与驻留的细菌群落相互作用。作为一个模型宿主， 提供了一个独特的机会来研究先天免疫系统如何与二元共生和群落共生相互作用。本综述将概述关于血细胞在发光器官共生关系中的作用的已知信息，并为理解这些免疫细胞如何与多种类型的共生相互作用提供未来的方向。
