Cardoso Cristiane W, Kikuti Mariana, Prates Ana Paula P B, Paploski Igor A D, Tauro Laura B, Silva Monaise M O, Santana Perla, Rego Marta F S, Reis Mitermayer G, Kitron Uriel, Ribeiro Guilherme S
Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jan 23;11(1):e0005334. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005334. eCollection 2017 Jan.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) entered Brazil in 2014, causing a large outbreak in Feira de Santana, state of Bahia. Although cases have been recorded in Salvador, the capital of Bahia, located ~100 km of Feira de Santana, CHIKV transmission has not been perceived to occur epidemically, largely contrasting with the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and ensuing complications reaching the city in 2015.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study aimed to determine the intensity of CHIKV transmission in Salvador between November 2014 and April 2016. Results of all the CHIKV laboratory tests performed in the public sector were obtained and the frequency of positivity was analyzed by epidemiological week. Of the 2,736 tests analyzed, 456 (16.7%) were positive. An increasing in the positivity rate was observed, starting in January/2015, and peaking at 68% in August, shortly after the exanthematous illness outbreak attributed to ZIKV.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Public health authorities and health professionals did not immediately detect the increase in CHIKV cases, likely because all the attention was directed to the ZIKV outbreak and ensuing complications. It is important that regions in the world that harbor arbovirus vectors and did not experience intense ZIKV and CHIKV transmission be prepared for the potential co-emergence of these two viruses.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）于2014年进入巴西，在巴伊亚州的费拉德桑塔纳引发了大规模疫情。尽管在距离费拉德桑塔纳约100公里的巴伊亚州首府萨尔瓦多已记录到病例，但CHIKV的传播并未被认为以流行形式发生，这与2015年寨卡病毒（ZIKV）疫情及其在该市引发的并发症形成了很大反差。
方法/主要发现：本研究旨在确定2014年11月至2016年4月期间萨尔瓦多CHIKV的传播强度。获取了公共部门进行的所有CHIKV实验室检测结果，并按流行病学周分析阳性频率。在分析的2736项检测中，456项（16.7%）呈阳性。从2015年1月开始观察到阳性率上升，并在8月达到68%的峰值，这是在由ZIKV引起的皮疹病疫情爆发后不久。
结论/意义：公共卫生当局和卫生专业人员没有立即察觉到CHIKV病例的增加，可能是因为所有注意力都集中在ZIKV疫情及其并发症上。对于世界上有虫媒病毒载体但未经历过强烈ZIKV和CHIKV传播的地区，为这两种病毒的潜在共同出现做好准备很重要。
