Bezold Carla P, Stark James H, Rundle Andrew, Konty Kevin, Day Sophia E, Quinn James, Neckerman Kathryn, Roux Ana V Diez
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Worldwide Safety and Regulatory, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.
J Urban Health. 2017 Feb;94(1):20-29. doi: 10.1007/s11524-016-0114-1.
Physical fitness in children has many beneficial effects, including the maintenance of a healthy weight. The built environment may influence youths' physical fitness by encouraging physical activity. This paper assessed whether higher density of parks, playgrounds, and sports facilities around a school is related to improvements in fitness in middle school boys and girls. Fitness scores and other student covariates collected as part of NYC FITNESSGRAM between the 2006-2007 and 2010-2011 school years were linked with school neighborhood data on characteristics of the built environment for NYC public school students in grades 6-8. Data were analyzed in 2015. Medium, but not high, density of recreational resources in the area surrounding a school was associated with greater annual improvements in fitness for both boys and girls. This association appeared to be driven mainly by the presence of parks. Findings for sports facilities and playgrounds were inconsistent. Overall, few associations were observed between recreational resources near a school and changes in student fitness. Future studies of school influences on student fitness should consider the influence of school resources and the home neighborhood.
儿童的身体健康有许多有益影响，包括维持健康体重。建成环境可能通过鼓励体育活动来影响青少年的身体健康。本文评估了学校周边公园、操场和体育设施的较高密度是否与初中男生和女生的体能改善有关。作为纽约市健康体质测试（NYC FITNESSGRAM）的一部分，在2006 - 2007学年和2010 - 2011学年收集的体能分数及其他学生协变量，与纽约市6至8年级公立学校学生的学校周边建成环境特征数据相关联。数据于2015年进行分析。学校周边地区中等（而非高）密度的娱乐资源与男孩和女孩体能的更大年度改善相关。这种关联似乎主要由公园的存在驱动。体育设施和操场的结果不一致。总体而言，在学校附近的娱乐资源与学生体能变化之间观察到的关联很少。未来关于学校对学生体能影响的研究应考虑学校资源和家庭周边环境的影响。
