Marks W
Mem Cognit. 1989 Nov;17(6):662-72. doi: 10.3758/bf03202627.
Four experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of semantic and nonsemantic verbal elaboration of the names of pictures on free recall, picture-name recognition, and picture recognition. Elaboration was manipulated by having subjects decide if the names of pictures contained two letters, rhymed with another word, or were appropriate in a sentence frame. Semantic elaboration of the names of pictures in sentence contexts requiring positive responses resulted in better name recall (Experiment 1) and name recognition (Experiments 1 and 2) than did nonsemantic elaborations (rhyme- and letter-identification tasks). However, the effects of elaborating pictures' names were greatly reduced for picture recognition (Experiments 3 and 4). The results are described in terms of elaborative processing after semantic access. Following initial semantic access, the names of pictures may be further elaborated. Semantic elaboration of the names of pictures typically leads to better retention than does nonsemantic elaboration. However, perceptual records about the appearance of objects may be relatively independent of orienting tasks that elaborate pictures' names.
进行了四项实验，以评估对图片名称进行语义和非语义言语加工对自由回忆、图片-名称识别和图片识别的影响。通过让受试者判断图片名称是否包含两个字母、是否与另一个单词押韵或是否适用于句子框架来操纵加工过程。在需要肯定回答的句子情境中对图片名称进行语义加工，比非语义加工（押韵和字母识别任务）能带来更好的名称回忆（实验1）和名称识别（实验1和2）。然而，对图片识别而言，加工图片名称的效果大幅降低（实验3和4）。结果从语义通达后的精细化加工角度进行了描述。在最初的语义通达之后，图片名称可能会得到进一步加工。对图片名称进行语义加工通常比非语义加工能带来更好的保持效果。然而，关于物体外观的知觉记录可能相对独立于对图片名称进行加工的定向任务。
