Hofman Z, Löwik M R, Odink J, Kok F J
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1989 Sep 9;133(36):1791-5.
In a nationwide survey among 530 apparently healthy elderly people, aged 65-79 years, the prevalence of hypertension was 58% in males and 68% in females. About 40% of them had no medical antihypertensive treatment. After exclusion of subjects on antihypertensive medication or on a prescribed diet, the energy, fat, alcohol, potassium and calcium intake, the sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium excretion in the 24-hour urine and the Quetelet Index of normotensive elderly were compared with those of hypertensive elderly. Hypertensive males had a higher sodium:potassium ratio and a lower potassium:creatinine ratio in the 24-hour urine. Hypertensive females had a higher calcium excretion. No differences were observed between normotensive and hypertensive elderly in the mineral intake, whereas there were some differences in mineral excretions with the urine. The correlations of the mineral excretions with the creatinine clearance proved to be stronger among hypertensives. This might indicate a lower bioavailability and (or) aberrant metabolism of minerals (especially calcium in hypertensive women and potassium in hypertensive men).
在一项针对530名年龄在65至79岁之间看似健康的老年人的全国性调查中，男性高血压患病率为58%，女性为68%。其中约40%的人未接受药物降压治疗。在排除正在接受降压药物治疗或遵循规定饮食的受试者后，对血压正常的老年人与高血压老年人的能量、脂肪、酒精、钾和钙摄入量、24小时尿中的钠、钾、镁和钙排泄量以及体重指数进行了比较。高血压男性24小时尿中的钠钾比更高，钾肌酐比更低。高血压女性的钙排泄量更高。血压正常和高血压的老年人在矿物质摄入量方面未观察到差异，而在尿中矿物质排泄方面存在一些差异。矿物质排泄与肌酐清除率之间的相关性在高血压患者中更强。这可能表明矿物质的生物利用度较低和（或）代谢异常（特别是高血压女性中的钙和高血压男性中的钾）。
