Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center (SHARC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
BMC Psychol. 2021 Jan 25;9(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00513-w.
People with HIV have always faced stigma and discrimination. Given the numerous papers that have addressed the psychological and social risk factors in spreading HIV, a pressing question is whether individuals' mere careless and behavioural flaws can still account for the spread of HIV. Barriers and opposing politic made a hard position for HIV and sex education in Iran.
The present study investigated the causes of contracting HIV/AIDS from the perspective of HIV-infected patients. To accomplish this, 150 patients referring to the voluntary counseling and testing Center, Shiraz were convenient selected based on the convenient sampling method and responded to a researcher-made questionnaire From June to August 2019. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean, SD, frequency tables) and inferential statistics (chi-square).
Results revealed that the main cause of HIV infection amongst males was the injection of narcotics, and in the females it was sexual intercourse with an infected individual. Meanwhile, 57% of the females and 66% of the males blamed themselves for contracting and transmitting the disease. The patients stated that if they could return to pre-infection period, they would use one of the following ways to prevent the disease: (a) they would pay attention to hygienic/sanitary principles; (b) they would not get married; and (c) they would prevent drug addiction. Also only 44% of the individuals had successful siblings (those who were neither addicts nor HIV/AIDS-infected individuals), which was an observation that emphasizes on the epidemic of high-risk behaviors in the patients' families.
According to participants' statements collected in our study, weakness in governmental public health education, along with family-related and individual factors, are important causes of HIV spread.
艾滋病毒感染者一直面临污名和歧视。鉴于已经有大量论文探讨了传播艾滋病毒的心理和社会风险因素，一个紧迫的问题是，个体的粗心和行为缺陷是否仍然可以解释艾滋病毒的传播。在伊朗，障碍和对立的政治立场使得艾滋病毒和性教育举步维艰。
本研究从艾滋病毒感染者的角度探讨了感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的原因。为了实现这一目标，研究人员采用方便抽样法，于 2019 年 6 月至 8 月，从 Shiraz 的自愿咨询和检测中心方便选择了 150 名患者，并让他们回答了一份由研究人员制作的问卷。使用描述性统计（均值、标准差、频数表）和推断性统计（卡方检验）对数据进行分析。
结果显示，男性感染艾滋病毒的主要原因是注射麻醉品，而女性则是与感染者发生性行为。同时，57%的女性和 66%的男性认为自己感染和传播了这种疾病。如果可以回到感染前的时期，患者们表示会采取以下措施预防疾病：（a）注意卫生/卫生原则；（b）不结婚；（c）预防吸毒。此外，只有 44%的个体有成功的兄弟姐妹（既不是吸毒者也不是艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者），这一观察结果强调了患者家庭中高危行为的流行。
根据我们研究中收集的参与者的陈述，政府公共卫生教育的薄弱，以及家庭和个人因素，是艾滋病毒传播的重要原因。
