Dugas Lara R, Kliethermes Stephanie, Plange-Rhule Jacob, Tong Liping, Bovet Pascal, Forrester Terrence E, Lambert Estelle V, Schoeller Dale A, Durazo-Arvizu Ramon A, Shoham David A, Cao Guichan, Brage Soren, Ekelund Ulf, Cooper Richard S, Luke Amy
Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States.
Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison , Madison , WI , United States.
PeerJ. 2017 Jan 19;5:e2902. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2902. eCollection 2017.
Increasing population-levels of physical activity (PA) is a controversial strategy for managing the obesity epidemic, given the conflicting evidence for weight loss from PA alone . We measured PA and weight change in a three-year prospective cohort study in young adults from five countries (Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and USA).
A total of 1,944 men and women had baseline data, and at least 1 follow-up examination including measures of anthropometry (weight/BMI), and objective PA (accelerometer, 7-day) following the three-year study period. PA was explored as 1-minute bouts of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as daily sedentary time.
At baseline; Ghanaian and South African men had the lowest body weights (63.4 ± 9.5, 64.9 ± 11.8 kg, respectively) and men and women from the USA the highest (93.6 ± 25.9, 91.7 ± 23.4 kg, respectively). Prevalence of normal weight ranged from 85% in Ghanaian men to 29% in USA men and 52% in Ghanaian women to 15% in USA women. Over the two-year follow-up period, USA men and Jamaican women experienced the smallest yearly weight change rate (0.1 ± 3.3 kg/yr; -0.03 ± 3.0 kg/yr, respectively), compared to South African men and Ghanaian women greatest yearly change (0.6.0 ± 3.0 kg/yr; 1.22 ± 2.6 kg/yr, respectively). Mean yearly weight gain tended to be larger among normal weight participants at baseline than overweight/obese at baseline. Neither baseline MVPA nor sedentary time were associated with weight gain. Using multiple linear regression, only baseline weight, age and gender were significantly associated with weight gain.
From our study it is not evident that higher volumes of PA alone are protective against future weight gain, and by deduction our data suggest that other environmental factors such as the food environment may have a more critical role.
鉴于仅通过体育活动实现体重减轻的证据相互矛盾，增加人群层面的体育活动（PA）是应对肥胖流行的一项存在争议的策略。我们在一项针对来自五个国家（加纳、南非、牙买加、塞舌尔和美国）年轻人的为期三年的前瞻性队列研究中，测量了体育活动和体重变化。
共有1944名男性和女性有基线数据，并且在为期三年的研究期后至少有1次随访检查，包括人体测量指标（体重/体重指数）以及客观体育活动指标（加速度计，7天）。体育活动被分为1分钟的中等强度和剧烈强度体育活动（MVPA）以及每日久坐时间进行探究。
在基线时，加纳和南非男性体重最低（分别为63.4±9.5、64.9±11.8千克），而美国的男性和女性体重最高（分别为93.6±25.9、91.7±23.4千克）。正常体重的患病率范围从加纳男性的85%到美国男性的29%，以及加纳女性的52%到美国女性的15%。在两年随访期内，与南非男性和加纳女性最大的年变化量（分别为0.60±3.0千克/年；1.22±2.6千克/年）相比，美国男性和牙买加女性的年体重变化率最小（分别为0.1±3.3千克/年；-0.03±3.0千克/年）。基线时正常体重参与者的平均年体重增加往往比超重/肥胖参与者更大。基线MVPA和久坐时间均与体重增加无关。使用多元线性回归分析，只有基线体重、年龄和性别与体重增加显著相关。
从我们的研究来看，仅更高量的体育活动并不能预防未来体重增加并不明显，由此推断，我们的数据表明其他环境因素，如食物环境，可能起到更关键的作用。
