Falck Ryan S, Davis Jennifer C, Milosevic Elizabeth, Liu-Ambrose Teresa
Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Robert H.N. Ho Research Centre, 5th Floor, 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada.
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada.
Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2017 Jan 26;3:2. doi: 10.1186/s40814-016-0116-5. eCollection 2017.
Both aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) have multidimensional health benefits for older adults including increased life expectancy and decreased risk of chronic diseases. However, the volume (i.e., frequency*time) of AT combined with RT in which untrained older adults can feasibly and safely participate remains unclear. Thus, our primary objective was to investigate the feasibility and safety of a high-volume exercise program consisting of twice weekly AT combined with twice weekly RT (i.e., four times weekly exercise) on a group of untrained older adults. In addition, we investigated the effects of the program on physical function, aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and explored factors related to participant adherence.
We recruited eight inactive older adults (65+ years) to participate in a 6-week, single-group pre-post exercise intervention, consisting of 2 days/week of AT plus 2 days/week of progressive RT for 6 weeks. We recorded program attendance and monitored for adverse events during the course of the program. Participants were tested at both baseline and follow-up on the following: (1) physical function (i.e., timed-up-and-go test (TUG) and short physical performance battery (SPPB)), (2) aerobic capacity (VOmax) using the modified Bruce protocol; and (3) muscular strength on the leg press and lat pull-down. Post intervention, we performed qualitative semi-structured interviews of all participants regarding their experiences in the exercise program. We used these responses to examine themes that may affect continued program adherence to a high-volume exercise program.
We recorded an average attendance rate of 83.3% with the lowest attendance for one session being five out of eight participants; no significant adverse events occurred. Significant improvements were observed for SPPB score (1.6; 95% CI: [0.3, 2.9]), VOmax (8.8 ml/kg/min; 95% CI: [2.8, 14.8]), and lat pull-down strength (11.8 lbs; 95% CI: [3.3, 20.2]). Qualitative results revealed two themes that promote older adults' adherence: (1) convenience of the program and (2) the social benefits of exercise.
Our findings suggest untrained older adults can be successful at completing twice weekly AT combined with twice weekly progressive RT; however, these exercise programs should be group-based in order to maintain high adherence.
有氧训练（AT）和抗阻训练（RT）对老年人都有多方面的健康益处，包括延长预期寿命和降低慢性病风险。然而，未经训练的老年人能够切实可行且安全参与的AT与RT相结合的训练量（即频率×时间）仍不明确。因此，我们的主要目标是研究一项高强度运动计划的可行性和安全性，该计划包括对一组未经训练的老年人每周进行两次AT训练和两次RT训练（即每周进行四次训练）。此外，我们还研究了该计划对身体功能、有氧能力、肌肉力量的影响，并探讨了与参与者依从性相关的因素。
我们招募了8名不活跃的老年人（65岁及以上），参加为期6周的单组前后运动干预，包括每周2天的AT训练加每周2天的渐进式RT训练，持续6周。我们记录了训练出勤情况，并在训练过程中监测不良事件。在基线和随访时对参与者进行以下测试：（1）身体功能（即计时起立行走测试（TUG）和简短体能状况量表（SPPB）），（2）使用改良布鲁斯方案测量有氧能力（最大摄氧量（VOmax））；以及（3）腿部推举和下拉动作的肌肉力量。干预后，我们对所有参与者进行了关于他们在运动计划中经历的定性半结构化访谈。我们利用这些回答来研究可能影响对高强度运动计划持续依从性的主题。
我们记录的平均出勤率为83.3%，最低的一次训练出勤率为8名参与者中的5名；未发生重大不良事件。观察到SPPB评分（1.6；95%置信区间：[0.3, 2.9]）、VOmax（8.8毫升/千克/分钟；95%置信区间：[2.8, 14.8]）和下拉力量（11.8磅；95%置信区间：[3.3, 20.2]）有显著改善。定性结果揭示了促进老年人依从性的两个主题：（1）计划的便利性和（2）运动的社会效益。
我们的研究结果表明，未经训练的老年人能够成功完成每周两次的AT训练和每周两次的渐进式RT训练；然而，这些运动计划应以小组形式进行，以保持高依从性。
