Ayanlowo Olusola O, Gold-Olufadi Shakirat A, Akinkugbe Ayesha O, Otrofanowei Erere, Nga Charles N, Olumide Yetunde M
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Internal Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria.
Int J Dermatol. 2017 Jul;56(7):709-714. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13521. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
Tattoo, a Polynesian word meaning 'to mark', is a form of body modification done by inserting indelible ink into the dermis to change its pigmentation. Tattoos are done for social, cultural, and religious purposes. It has been in existence since the 18th century and was associated with sailors, lower class individuals, and criminals. However, since the late 20th century, tattooing has undergone a redefinition and shifted to an acceptable form of expression all over the world, including Nigeria, cutting across almost all age groups and socioeconomic class. This review is aimed at highlighting the indication, complications arising from the procedure as well as removal, and how to manage them. The dermatological complications associated with tattoos can occur either during inking or attempts at removal. Most times, tattoos are obtained through unsafe means by unauthorized personnel, and this is associated with numerous health risks. Of particular importance to the dermatologists are the hypersensitivity reactions, granulomatous skin disease, and formation of both keloid and hypertrophic scars. Treatment options vary and include use of silicone gel and intralesional steroids for hypertrophic and keloid scars, topical medication for hyperpigmentation, and use of LASER for tattoo removal. In conclusion, the trend of tattooing has become a widely accepted form of social expression all over the world and is gradually gaining ground in Nigeria. Patients frequently present to the dermatologists and physicians for solutions to the complications. It is important to proffer solutions and educate patients on the various health risks associated with tattooing.
纹身，一个源于波利尼西亚语、意为“标记”的词，是一种通过将不可擦除的墨水注入真皮层以改变其色素沉着的身体改造形式。纹身是出于社会、文化和宗教目的而进行的。它自18世纪就已存在，曾与水手、下层阶级人士和罪犯联系在一起。然而，自20世纪后期以来，纹身经历了重新定义，并在全世界，包括尼日利亚，转变为一种可接受的表达形式，几乎跨越了所有年龄组和社会经济阶层。这篇综述旨在强调纹身的适应症、纹身过程中以及去除纹身时出现的并发症，以及如何处理这些并发症。与纹身相关的皮肤并发症可能在纹身过程中或去除纹身的尝试中出现。大多数情况下，纹身是由未经授权的人员通过不安全的方式进行的，这与众多健康风险相关。对皮肤科医生来说特别重要的是过敏反应、肉芽肿性皮肤病以及瘢痕疙瘩和肥厚性瘢痕的形成。治疗选择各不相同，包括使用硅胶凝胶和皮损内注射类固醇治疗肥厚性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩，使用外用药物治疗色素沉着，以及使用激光去除纹身。总之，纹身的趋势已成为全世界广泛接受的一种社会表达形式，并且在尼日利亚正逐渐流行起来。患者经常向皮肤科医生和内科医生寻求解决并发症的方法。提供解决方案并教育患者了解与纹身相关的各种健康风险非常重要。
