Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Model Alliance, New York, New York.
Int J Eat Disord. 2017 Mar;50(3):284-292. doi: 10.1002/eat.22682. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
The appearance pressures experienced by fashion models have been criticized as harmful to their health, as well as increasing eating disorder risk among youth by promoting ideals of extreme thinness. Given recent legislation to protect models, we undertook a strategic science study to assess professional fashion models' perceptions of the potential impact and feasibility of seven policy proposals. A sample of 85 female fashion models, mean age = 22.7 years (SD 3.7) completed an online survey assessing unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCB), perceived pressure from agencies to lose weight, as well as the perceived impact and feasibility of seven potential policy actions. Chi-squared analyses and multivariable logistic regressions compared UWCB among models who were asked to lose weight and those who were not. Friedman and Kendall's W tests were conducted to examine differences in impact and feasibility ratings across the seven policy proposals. Models reported high levels of pressure to lose weight, which was associated with higher odds of engaging in UWCB. The policy approaches rated as most impactful were those to increase worker protections, though they were rated as only moderately feasible. Requiring employers to provide food and a 30-min break for jobs longer than 6 h was rated as both impactful and feasible. Imposing restrictions on minimum BMI was rated as the least impactful. Approaches providing employment protections and healthier working conditions are most supported by professional models. These findings help to illuminate viable policy approaches from the perspective of key stakeholders.
时尚模特所面临的外貌压力一直以来都饱受诟病，因为其宣扬的极度纤瘦的审美理念增加了年轻人出现饮食失调的风险。鉴于最近有保护模特的立法，我们进行了一项战略科学研究，评估了专业时尚模特对 7 项政策提案的潜在影响和可行性的看法。我们对 85 名女性时尚模特进行了抽样调查，平均年龄为 22.7 岁（标准差为 3.7），她们完成了一项在线调查，评估了她们的不健康体重控制行为（UWCB）、机构要求减肥的压力，以及对 7 项潜在政策行动的潜在影响和可行性的看法。卡方分析和多变量逻辑回归比较了被要求减肥的模特和未被要求减肥的模特的 UWCB。弗里德曼和肯德尔的 W 检验用于检验 7 项政策提案的影响和可行性评分的差异。模特们报告了很大的减肥压力，这与更有可能采用 UWCB 的风险有关。被认为最具影响力的政策方法是那些增加工人保护的方法，尽管它们被认为只是中等可行的。要求雇主为工作时间超过 6 小时的工作提供食物和 30 分钟的休息时间被认为是既具有影响力又具有可行性的。对最低 BMI 施加限制被认为是最没有影响力的。提供就业保护和更健康工作条件的方法最受专业模特的支持。这些发现有助于从利益相关者的角度阐明可行的政策方法。
