Nikolaidis P T, Zingg M A, Knechtle B
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece.
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 Dec;27(12):1588-1596. doi: 10.1111/sms.12821. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
This study examined changes in performance in age-group track runners across years from 1975 to 2015 for 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500, 5000, 10 000 m, and marathon and the corresponding sex differences. Athletes were ranked in 5-year age-group intervals from 35-39 to 95-99 years. For all races and all years, the eight female and male finalists for each age-group were included. Men were faster than women and this observation was more pronounced in the shorter distances. The younger age-groups were faster than the older age-groups and age exerted the largest effect on speed in 800 m and the smallest in marathon. There was a small variation of speed by calendar years. The competition density varied by sex and race distance. Half of participants were from USA, Germany, Australia, and Great Britain, but the participants' nationality varied by sex and race distance. In summary, the variation of competitiveness by sex in short race distances might be important for athletes and coaches. Considering the event's competitiveness and that athletes are participating in both 100 and 200 m or in 200 and 400 m, master women should be oriented to 200 m and master men should be oriented to 100 and 400 m.
本研究调查了1975年至2015年间不同年龄组径赛运动员在100米、200米、400米、800米、1500米、5000米、10000米和马拉松项目上的成绩变化以及相应的性别差异。运动员按5岁年龄组间隔进行排名，年龄范围从35 - 39岁至95 - 99岁。对于所有比赛和所有年份，每个年龄组的八名男女决赛选手均被纳入研究。男性比女性速度快，且这种差异在较短距离项目中更为明显。较年轻的年龄组比年长的年龄组速度快，年龄对800米速度的影响最大，对马拉松速度的影响最小。速度随历年变化有小幅波动。比赛密度因性别和比赛距离而异。一半的参与者来自美国、德国、澳大利亚和英国，但参与者的国籍因性别和比赛距离而有所不同。总之，短距离比赛中性别竞争力的差异可能对运动员和教练很重要。考虑到赛事的竞争力以及运动员同时参加100米和200米或200米和400米比赛的情况，成年女性应以200米为导向，成年男性应以100米和400米为导向。
