Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Onywera Vincent O, Knechtle Beat
1Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece; 2Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; 3Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 4Health Center St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):2189-2207. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001687.
Nikolaidis PT, Onywera VO, and Knechtle B. Running performance, nationality, sex, and age in the 10-km, half-marathon, marathon, and the 100-km ultramarathon IAAF 1999-2015. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2189-2207, 2017-The aim of this study was to examine the performance of the world's best runners in the 10-km, half-marathon, marathon, and 100-km races by age, sex, and nationality during 1999-2015, using data from the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). A total of 38,895 runners (17,136 women and 21,759 men) were evaluated, with 2,594 (1,360 women and 1,234 men) in the 10-km; 11,595 (5,225 women and 6,370 men) in the half-marathon; 23,973 (10,208 women and 13,765 men) in the marathon; and 733 (343 women and 390 men) in 100-km events. Most runners in the 10-km event (women 40%, men 67%) and the half-marathon (women 30%, men 57%) were Kenyans. In the marathon, most female and male runners were Ethiopians (women 17%, men 14%) and Kenyans (women 15%, men 43%), respectively. In the 100-km event, most runners were Japanese (20% women, and 80% men). Women were older than the men in the 10-km (32.0 ± 6.0 vs. 25.3 ± 4.3 years, p < 0.001), half-marathon (27.5 ± 4.7 vs. 25.9 ± 4.1 years, p < 0.001), and marathon events (29.5 ± 5.5 vs. 29.1 ± 4.3 years, p < 0.001), but not in 100-km event (36.6 ± 6.1 vs. 35.9 ± 5.5 years, p = 0.097). Men were faster than the women in the 10-km (28:04 ± 0:17 vs. 32:08 ± 0.31 (minutes:seconds), p < 0.001), half-marathon (1:01:58 ± 0:00:52 vs. 1:11:21 ± 0:01:18 (hours:minutes:seconds), p < 0.001), marathon (2:13:42 ± 0:03:01 vs. 2:35:04 ± 0:05:21 (hours:minutes:seconds), p < 0.001), and 100-km events (6:48:01 ± 0:11:29 vs. 7:53:51 ± 0:16:37 (hours:minutes:seconds), p < 0.001). East Africans were not the fastest compared with athletes originating from other countries where only the Ethiopian men were faster than all other men in the marathon. In summary, (a) in the 10-km, half-marathon and marathon events, most runners were from Kenya and Ethiopia, and from Japan and Russia in the 100-km event; (b) women were older than the men in all distance events except the 100-km event;
尼古拉idis PT、奥尼韦拉VO和克内chtle B。1999 - 2015年国际田联10公里、半程马拉松、马拉松和100公里超级马拉松比赛中的跑步成绩、国籍、性别和年龄。《力量与体能研究杂志》31(8): 2189 - 2207, 2017年。本研究的目的是利用国际田径联合会（IAAF）的数据，研究1999 - 2015年期间，按年龄、性别和国籍划分的世界顶级跑步者在10公里、半程马拉松、马拉松和100公里比赛中的表现。总共评估了38895名跑步者（17136名女性和21759名男性），其中10公里比赛中有2594名（1360名女性和1234名男性）；半程马拉松中有11595名（5225名女性和6370名男性）；马拉松中有23973名（10208名女性和13765名男性）；100公里比赛中有733名（343名女性和390名男性）。10公里比赛（女性40%，男性67%）和半程马拉松比赛（女性30%，男性57%）中的大多数跑步者是肯尼亚人。在马拉松比赛中，大多数女性和男性跑步者分别是埃塞俄比亚人（女性17%，男性14%）和肯尼亚人（女性15%，男性43%）。在100公里比赛中，大多数跑步者是日本人（女性20%，男性80%）。在10公里（32.0±6.0岁对25.3±4.3岁，p<0.001）、半程马拉松（27.5±4.7岁对25.9±4.1岁，p<0.001）和马拉松比赛项目（29.5±5.5岁对29.1±4.3岁，p<0.001）中，女性比男性年龄大，但在100公里比赛中并非如此（36.6±6.1岁对35.9±5.5岁，p = 0.097）。在10公里（28:04±0:17对32:08±0.31（分钟:秒），p<0.001）、半程马拉松（1:01:58±0:00:52对1:11:21±0:01:18（小时:分钟:秒），p<0.001）、马拉松（2:13:42±0:03:01对2:35:04±0:05:21（小时:分钟:秒），p<0.001）和100公里比赛项目（6:48:01±0:11:2对7:53:51±0:16:37（小时:分钟:秒），p<0.001）中，男性比女性速度快。与来自其他国家的运动员相比，东非人并非跑得最快的，只有埃塞俄比亚男性在马拉松比赛中比所有其他男性都快。总之，（a）在10公里半程马拉松和马拉松比赛项目中，大多数跑步者来自肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚，在100公里比赛中来自日本和俄罗斯；（b）除100公里比赛项目外，在所有距离项目中女性比男性年龄大；
