Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece.
Res Sports Med. 2020 Jan-Mar;28(1):121-137. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2019.1586705. Epub 2019 Mar 19.
The aim of the present study was to examine trends in participation, performance, age and nationality during a ~ 50-years period in the largest dataset ever studied in the "New York City Marathon". We analysed 1,174,331 finishers (women, = 349,145, age 39.7 ± 8.7 years; men, = 825,186, 41.7 ± 9.2 years). The overall participation increased across calendar years for all nationalities, and this increase was more pronounced in women, which resulted in a decreasing men-to-women ratio. Men were faster and older than women. Ethiopians and Kenyans were the fastest and youngest in women and men, respectively. Japanese were the slowest and Germans were the oldest in both sexes. Race time increased across years. Coaches and fitness trainers should be aware of these trends and should emphasize the development of training programs for older and slower runners.
本研究旨在分析“纽约马拉松”有史以来最大数据集的近 50 年参赛数据，以探究参赛人数、表现、年龄和国籍的变化趋势。我们分析了 1174331 名完赛者（女性=349145 人，年龄 39.7±8.7 岁；男性=825186 人，年龄 41.7±9.2 岁）。所有国籍的参赛人数都逐年增加，女性的增幅更为显著，导致男女参赛比例下降。男性的速度和年龄均大于女性。在女性和男性中，埃塞俄比亚人和肯尼亚人速度最快且最年轻，日本人速度最慢，德国人年龄最大。比赛用时也随年份增加而延长。教练和健身教练应该了解这些趋势，并应注重为年龄较大和速度较慢的跑步者制定训练计划。
