Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy, Peltzer Karl, Chirinda Witness, Kose Zamakayise, Hoosain Ebrahim, Ramlagan Shandir, Tabane Cily, Davids Adlai
a HIV/AIDS/STI/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council South Africa.
b Office of the Deputy-Vice Chancellor , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University , Port Elizabeth , South Africa.
Glob Health Action. 2013 Jan;6(1):19880. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.19880.
Population ageing has become significant in South African society, increasing the need to improve understandings of health and well-being among the aged.
To describe the self-reported ratings of overall health and functioning, and to identify factors associated with self-rated health among older South Africans.
A national population-based cross-sectional survey, with a sample of 3,840 individuals aged 50 years and older, was completed in South Africa in 2008. Self-reported ratings of overall health and functioning were measured using a single self-reported health state covering nine health domains (used to generate the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) composite health state score). Disability was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II) activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), perceptions of well-being, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life index/metric (WHOQoL).
Overall, more than three quarters (76.8%) of adults rated their health as moderate or good. On balance, men reported very good or good health more often than women (p<0.001). Older people (aged 70 years and above) reported significantly poorer health status than those aged 50-59 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-2.30). Indians and Blacks were significantly more likely to report poorer health status at (AOR = 4.01; 95% CI 1.27-12.70) and (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.18_0.98; 30 p < 0.045), respectively, compared to Whites. Respondents with primary education (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI 1.19-2.80) and less than primary education (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.37-2.76) were more likely to report poorer health compared to those with secondary education. In terms of wealth status, those in low wealth quintile (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.14-3.57) and medium wealth quintile (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01-2.13) were more likely to report poorer health status than those in high wealth quintile. Overall, the mean WHODAS-II score was 20%, suggesting a low level of disability. The mean WHOQoL score for females (Mean = 51.5; SD = 12.2) was comparable to that of males (Mean = 49.1; SD = 12.6).
The depreciation in health and daily functioning with increasing age is likely to increase demand for health care and other services as people grow older. There is a need for regular monitoring of the health status of older people to provide public health agencies with the data they need to assess, protect, and promote the health and well-being of older people.
人口老龄化在南非社会已十分显著，这增加了深入了解老年人健康与幸福状况的必要性。
描述老年人自我报告的总体健康和功能评级，并确定与南非老年人自评健康相关的因素。
2008年在南非完成了一项基于全国人口的横断面调查，样本为3840名50岁及以上的个体。使用涵盖九个健康领域的单一自我报告健康状况来测量自我报告的总体健康和功能评级（用于生成全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE）综合健康状况评分）。使用世界卫生组织残疾评估量表第二版（WHODAS-II）的日常生活活动（ADL）、工具性日常生活活动（IADL）、幸福感认知以及世界卫生组织生活质量指数/指标（WHOQoL）来测量残疾情况。
总体而言，超过四分之三（76.8%）的成年人将自己的健康状况评为中等或良好。总体来看，男性报告健康状况非常好或良好的频率高于女性（p<0.001）。70岁及以上的老年人报告的健康状况明显比50 - 59岁的人差（调整后的优势比（AOR）为1.52；95%置信区间（CI）为1.00 - 2.30）。与白人相比，印度人和黑人报告健康状况较差的可能性分别显著更高（AOR = 4.01；95% CI为1.27 - 12.70）和（AOR = 0.42；95% CI为0.18_0.98；p < 0.045）。与受过中等教育的人相比，接受小学教育（AOR = 1.83；95% CI为1.19 - 2.80）和未接受小学教育（AOR = 1.94；95% CI为1.37 - 2.76）的受访者报告健康状况较差的可能性更大。就财富状况而言，处于低财富五分位数（AOR = 2.02；95% CI为1.14 - 3.57）和中等财富五分位数（AOR = 1.4
